「613のミツワー」の版間の差分

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'''613のミツワー'''('''<font lang=he>תרי"ג מצוות</font>''')は、[[ユダヤ教]][[正統派 (ユダヤ教)|正統派]]における630の[[ミツワー]]の一覧。
 
----
[[タルムード]]・マッコート Makkoth 23-b では[[トーラー]]は613のミツワー<small>(''Mitzvah'' <font lang=he>&#1502;&#1510;&#1493;&#1492;</font> - [[神]]から人への命令 "precept"、複数形は ''mitzwôth, mitzvot''; 語源は <font lang=he>&#1510;&#1493;&#1492;</font lang=he>, ''tzaw, tziwwāh''- 「神から人への命じ、命じる "command"」)</small>を含むと論じている。
The [[Talmud]] (tractate Makkoth 23b) states that the [[Torah]] contains '''613 mitzvot''' (''Mitzvah'' - &#1502;&#1510;&#1493;&#1492; - precept, plural ''Mitzvot''; from &#1510;&#1493;&#1492;, ''tzavah''- command), of which 248 are ''mitzvot aseh'' (positive commandments) - equal to the number of bones in the human body - and 365 ''mitzvot lo taaseh'' (negative commandments) - equal to the number of days in the [[year|solar year]].
'''タルヤグ'''、'''タルヤグ・ミツウォート'''('''TaRYaG''')ともいうが、これは[[ヘブライ語]]的な数・言葉遊び、略語の一種で、[[ターウ|t]](400) + [[レーシュ|r]](200) + [[ヨード|y]](10) + [[ギーメル|g]](3) = 613 という意味である。
このうち248は「しなければならない、しよう」という「''ミツウォート・アセー'' mitzvot aseh(積極(肯定)[[戒律]] positive commandments)」であり、365は「''ミツウォート・ロー・タアセー'' mitzvot lo taaseh(消極(否定)戒律 negative commandments)」からなっている。
365のミツウォート・ロー・タアセーは太陽暦での一年の日数と同じである。
<!--
The [[Talmud]] (tractate Makkoth 23b) states that the [[Torah]] contains '''613 mitzvot''' (''mitzvah'' - &#1502;&#1510;&#1493;&#1492; - precept, plural ''mitzwôth, mitzvot''; from &#1510;&#1493;&#1492;, ''tzavah''- command), of which 248 are ''mitzvot aseh'' (positive commandments) - equal to the number of bones in the human body - and 365 ''mitzvot lo taaseh'' (negative commandments) - equal to the number of days in the [[year|solar year]].
 
The singular of "Mitzvot" is [[Mitzvah]]. See that article for a general discussion of commandments in Judaism.
-->
ユダヤ教(''ヤハドゥート'')は、あらゆるものを包括する[[価値観]]であり、[[生活]]様式であり、聖なる[[イスラエル]]の民を創造するものであり、目的は[[世界]]を良くすることである。
「[[ユダヤ人]]」とは、ユダヤ的方法でこの世界を改善しようとする、あらゆる人種・民族的背景から成り立つ組織集団である。
 
== The significance of 613別称 ==
 
== 613の意味 ==
The [[Talmud]] (tractate Makkoth 23b) and [[Midrash]] calculate that the numerical value ([[gematria]]) of the word "Torah" is 611. The Torah itself states that [[Moses]] transmitted the Torah from God to the Jewish people: "Moses commanded us the Torah as an inhertitance for the community of Jacob" ([[Deuteronomy]] 33:4). However, there were two commandments which God directed straight at the Jewish people: the first two of the [[Ten Commandments]]; these are phrased in the first person. The grand total of 611&nbsp;+&nbsp;2&nbsp;=&nbsp;613.
 
Many Jewish philosophical and mystical works ([[Baal ha-Turim]], the [[Maharal of Prague]] and leaders of [[Hasidic Judaism]]) find allusions and inspirational calculations relating to the number of commandments.
 
== ミツワーを数えた書 ==
== Works enumerating the commandments ==
In practice there is no one definitive list that explicates the 613 laws. The differences come about because in some places the [[Torah]] lists related laws together, so it is difficult to know whether one is dealing with a single law, which lists several cases, or several separate laws; Other "commands" in the Torah are restricted as one-time acts, and would not be considered as "mitzvot". In [[rabbinic literature]] there are a number of works, mainly by the [[Rishonim]], that were composed to determine which commandments belong in this enumeration:
* [[Maimonides]]: ''[[Sefer Hamitzvot]]'' ("Book of Commandments") with a critical commentary of [[Nachmanides]];
* ''Sefer ha-Chinnuch'' ("Book of Education"), attributed to [[Rabbi]] [[Aaron ha-Levi]] of Barcelona (the Ra'ah);
* ''Sefer ha-Mitzvoth ha-Gadol'' ("Large book of Commandments") by Rabbi Moses of Coucy;
* ''Sefer ha-Mitzvoth ha-Katan'' ("Small book of Commandments") by Rabbi Isaac of Corbeil;
* ''Sefer Yere'im'' ("Book of the [God-]fearing") by Rabbi Eliezer of Metz (not a clear enumeration);
* ''Sefer ha-Mitzvoth'' by [[Rabbi]] [[Yisrael Meir Kagan]] (the "Chafetz Chaim") - this work only deals with the commandments that are valid in the present time.
 
* マイモニデス: [[セーフェル・ハンミツウォート]](ハミツヴォート) ''[[:en:Sefer Hamitzvot|Sefer Hamitzvot]]'' ("Book of Commandments") with a critical commentary of [[Nachmanides|]];
=== Maimonides' work ===
* セーフェル・ハ=ヒンヌーフ ''Sefer ha-Chinnuch'' (教えの書), attributed to バルセロナのアアロン・ハレヴィ [[:en:Aaron ha-Levi|Aaron ha-Levi]] of Barcelona (ラア Ra'ah);
The most important of the above works is ''Sefer ha-Mitzvoth'' by [[Maimonides]] (Rambam). Maimonides went to great lengths to enumerate exactly which of the written [[Torah]]'s (''[[Pentateuch]]'') commandments can be considered fixed forevermore, in contradistinction to many "commands" that God makes in the Torah at various points but are restricted as one-time acts. He employs a set of fourteen rules (''shorashim'') which determine inclusion into the list. [[Nachmanides]] makes a number of critical points and replaces some items of the list with others.
* セーフェル・ハ=ミツウォート ''Sefer ha-Mitzvoth ha-Gadol'' ("Large book of Commandments") :クーシのラビ・モーシェ Rabbi Moses of Coucy;
* セーフェル・ハ=カーターン ''Sefer ha-Mitzvoth ha-Katan'' ("Small book of Commandments") :コルベイのラビ・イツハク Rabbi Isaac of Corbeil;
* ''Sefer Yere'im'' ("Book of the [God-]fearing") :メッツのラビ・エリエゼル Rabbi Eliezer of Metz (not a clear enumeration);
* セーフェル・ハ=ミツウォート ''Sefer ha-Mitzvoth'' :ラビ・イスラエル・メイール・カガン [[:en:Yisrael Meir Kagan|Yisrael Meir Kagan]] (ハフェツ・ハイム "Chafetz Chaim")による書 - this work only deals with the commandments that are valid in the present time.
 
=== マイモニデス ===
 
=== マイモニデスの作品 ===
The most important of the above works is ''Sefer ha-Mitzvoth'' by [[Maimonides]] (ラムバム). Maimonides went to great lengths to enumerate exactly which of the written [[Torah]]'s (五書 ''[[Pentateuch]]'') commandments can be considered fixed forevermore, in contradistinction to many "commands" that God makes in the Torah at various points but are restricted as one-time acts. He employs a set of fourteen rules (''shorashim'') which determine inclusion into the list. [[Nachmanides]] makes a number of critical points and replaces some items of the list with others.
 
<table>
<tr><td>torah</td><td>Moses, Pentateuch</td><td>トーラー(モーセ五書)</td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
bre'shith Gen(esis). ベレーシート、創世記
shmoth Ex., Exod(us). シェモート、出エジプト記
wayyiqrah Lev(iticus). ワイイクラー、レビ記
bmidhbar Num(bers). ベミドバル、民数記
dbharim Deut(eronomy). デバーリーム、申命記
</table>
 
== [[マイモニデス]]による一覧 ==
The 613 commandments and their source in scripture, as enumerated by Maimonides.<br>
よく引用されたり、ポイントのある箇所は太字で示した。:
 
# [[神]]があるということを知る([[出エジプト記]]20:2)
[[Image:TorahScroll.jpg|400px|right|<small>「人はトーラーの中に身をゆだねない限り自由にならない」<br> ([[ミシュナー]] 4・[[セーフェル・ネジーキーン]](損害篇) 9・[[アーボート]](父祖)6:2)</small><br><br>「トーラーの目的は、この世界に憐れみ、愛する優しさ、[[平和]]を促進することにある」<br> (マイモニデス 「[[ヤド・ハザカー]]」 ヒルホート・シャッバート 2:3)]]
# 唯一の神をおいて、他の神を心に思い描かない(出エジプト記20:3)
 
# 神は[[唯一神教|唯一]]であるということを知る([[申命記]]6:4)
# [[神]]があるということを知る ([[出エジプト記]] 20:2)
# 神を[[愛]]す(申命記6:5)
# 唯一の神をおいて、他の神を心に思い描かない (出エジプト記 20:3)
# 神を畏れるべきである(申命記10:20)
# 神の名は[[唯一神教|唯一]]であるということ聖別す ([[レビ申命記]]22 6:32)4)
# 神を[[愛]]す (申命記 6:5)
# Not to [[profane]] His Name Lev. 22:32
# 神を畏れるべきである (申命記10:20)
# Not to destroy objects associated with His Name Deut. 12:4
# 神の名を聖別する ([[レビ記]] 22:32)
# To listen to the [[prophet]] speaking in His Name Deut. 18:15
# 神の名を汚さない(濫用してはならない) <!--Not to [[profane]] His Name--> (レビ記 22:32)
# Not to test the prophet unduly Deut. 6:16
# 神の名と連携した対象を壊さない <!--Not to destroy objects associated with His Name--> (申命記 12:4)
# To emulate His ways Deut. 28:9
# 神の名によって語る預言者に耳を傾ける <!--To listen to the [[prophet]] speaking in His Name--> (申命記 18:15)
# To cleave to those who know Him Deut. 10:20
# 不当に[[預言者]]を試さない <!--Not to test the prophet unduly--> (申命記 6:16)
# '''他の[[ユダヤ人]]を愛す'''(レビ記19:18)
# '''[[改宗]]者主の道(derech)模倣する'''/競う <!--To emulate His ways--> (申命記10 28:19)9)
# 主を知る者たちと結びつく <!--To cleave to those who know Him--> (申命記 10:20)
# Not to hate fellow Jews Lev. 19:17
# '''他の[[ユダヤ人]]を愛す''' (レビ記19:18)
# To reprove a sinner Lev. 19:17
# '''[[改宗]]者を愛する''' (申命記10:19)
# Not to embarrass others Lev. 19:17
# 同胞のユダヤ人を嫌わない <!--Not to hate fellow Jews--> (レビ記 19:17)
# Not to oppress the weak Ex. 21:22
# 罪びとを非難すべきである <!--To reprove a sinner--> (レビ記 19:17)
# Not to speak derogatorily of others Lev. 19:16
# 他人を窮迫させない(困らせない) <!--Not to embarrass others--> (レビ記 19:17)
# Not to take revenge Lev. 19:18
# 弱い者を不当に圧迫しない <!--Not to oppress the weak--> (出エジプト記 21:22)
# Not to bear a grudge Lev. 19:18
# 他人を軽蔑的に語らない <!--Not to speak derogatorily of others--> (レビ記 19:16)<br> cf.ラショーン・ハー=ラーア(悪意ある言葉、悪口)
# '''[[トーラー]]を学ぶ'''(申命記6:7)
# 不当な報復(復讐)をしない <!--Not to take revenge--> (レビ記 19:18)
# To honor those who teach and know Torah Lev. 19:32
# 嫉み<!--(ケチ、恨み)-->を抱かない <!--Not to bear a grudge--> (レビ記 19:18)
# Not to inquire into idolatry Lev. 19:4
# '''[[トーラー]]を学ぶ'''(申命記6:7) <br>[[聖書]]や[[口伝律法|口伝]]、それらの註釈書などの学究は、老若を問わず(近代以前は主に男性のみであったが)ユダヤ人の基本的な日課である
# Not to follow the whims of your heart or what your eyes see Num. 15:39
# トーラーを教え、知る者を重んじる <!--To honor those who teach and know Torah--> (レビ記 19:32)
# Not to blaspheme Ex. 22:27
# [[偶像]]を捜し求めない <!--Not to inquire into idolatry--> (レビ記 19:4)
# Not to worship [[idol]]s in the manner they are worshiped Ex. 20:5
# 目で見たもの、心の中の気まぐれを追わない <!--Not to follow the whims of your heart or what your eyes see--> ([[民数記]] 15:39)
# Not to worship idols in the four ways we worship God Ex. 20:5
# 神を冒涜(濫用、悪く言う、など)しない <!--Not to blaspheme--> (出エジプト記 22:27)
# Not to make an idol for yourself Ex. 20:4
# 彼らが崇拝された方法で、[[偶像]]に礼拝しない <!--Not to worship [[idol]]s in the manner they are worshiped--> (出エジプト記 20:5)<br> 出エジプト記では、いかなる形の像も作ってはならないことが書かれている
# Not to make an idol for others Lev. 19:4
# 我々が礼拝する四つの方法で偶像に礼拝しない <!--Not to worship idols in the four ways we worship God--> (出エジプト記 20:5)
# Not to make human forms even for decorative purposes Ex. 20:20
# 自分自身に偶像を作らない <!--Not to make an idol for yourself--> (出エジプト記 20:4)<br> 
# Not to turn a city to [[idolatry]] Ex. 23:13
# 他者に偶像を作らない(他者を偶像としない) <!--Not to make an idol for others--> ()レビ記 19:4<br> レビ記では[[偶像崇拝]]、偶像製作の禁止
# To burn a city that has turned to idol worship Deut. 13:17
# <!--装飾的な目的(意図)のように、人間の形式を作らない--> <!--Not to make human forms even for decorative purposes--> (出エジプト記 20:20)<br> 
# Not to rebuild it as a city Deut. 13:17
# 偶像崇拝 [[:en:idolatry|idolatry]] の町に戻らない (出エジプト記 23:13)<!--Not to turn a city to [[idolatry]]-->
# Not to derive benefit from it Deut. 13:18
# 偶像崇拝に戻った[[都市]]は燃やされる <!--To burn a city that has turned to idol worship-->(申命記 13:17)
# Not to missionize an individual to idol worship Deut. 13:12
# 偶像を都市のように再建しない <!--Not to rebuild it as a city--> ()申命記 13:17
# Not to love the missionary Deut. 13:9
# 偶像から恩恵を引き出さない <!--Not to derive benefit from it--> ()申命記 13:18
# Not to cease hating the missionary Deut. 13:9
# 個人に偶像崇拝を勧めない <!--Not to missionize an individual to idol worship--> ()申命記 13:12
# Not to save the missionary Deut. 13:9
# [[宣教]]を愛さない <!--Not to love the missionary--> (申命記 13:9)<br> これらの箇所は、決して他民族・他宗教を蔑視しているのではなく、ユダヤ教では、[[布教]]を勧めることより、まずユダヤ教をしっかり学び、心からユダヤ教徒と連帯感を持ち、[[改宗]]することが勧められる。<br>また、本来の申命記では他の神々(エセ預言者、夢占い師)への礼拝の禁止について論じている
# Not to say anything in his defense Deut. 13:9
# 宣教を避けることをやめてはいけない <!--Not to cease hating the missionary--> ()申命記 13:9
# Not to refrain from incriminating him Deut. 13:9
# 宣教を手助けしてはいけない <!--Not to save the missionary--> ()申命記 13:9
# Not to prophesize in the name of idolatry Deut. 13:14
# 彼の防御について何も言わない <!--Not to say anything in his defense--> ()申命記 13:9
# Not to listen to a false prophet Deut. 13:4
# 彼の告発を差し控えてはいけない <!--Not to refrain from incriminating him--> ()申命記 13:9
# Not to prophesize falsely in the name of God Deut. 18:20
# 偶像の名において預言をしない <!--Not to prophesize in the name of idolatry--> ()申命記 13:14
# Not to be afraid of killing the false prophet Deut. 18:22
# 誤った[[預言]]を聞かない <!--Not to listen to a false prophet--> ()申命記 13:4
# Not to swear in the name of an idol Ex. 23:13
# 神の名において誤った預言をしない <!--Not to prophesize falsely in the name of God--> ()申命記 18:20
# Not to perform ov (medium) Lev. 19:31
# エセ預言者を殺すことを恐れてはならない <!--Not to be afraid of killing the false prophet--> ()申命記 18:22
# Not to perform yidoni (magical seer) Lev. 19:31
# 偶像の名において誓わない <!--Not to swear in the name of an idol--> ()出エジプト記 23:13
# Not to pass your children through the fire to [[Molech]] Lev. 18:21
# オーブ obh ([[霊媒]])をしない、訪れない <!--Not to perform ov (medium)--> ()レビ記 19:31<br> 巫女、神がかり、占い、全てご法度である
# Not to erect a column in a public place of worship Deut. 16:22
# イドニ yidoni ([[魔術]]による[[占い]]師)をしない、訪れない <!--Not to perform yidoni (magical seer)--> ()レビ記 19:31
# Not to bow down on smooth stone Lev. 26:1
# あなたの子供を、[[モレク]]神への火の下をくぐらせてはいけない <!--Not to pass your children through the fire to [[Molech]]--> (レビ記 18:21)<br> [[人身御供]]の禁止
# Not to plant a tree in the [[Temple courtyard]] Deut. 16:21
# 人々の礼拝の場に[[石柱]]を立てない <!--Not to erect a column in a public place of worship--> (申命記 16:22)
# To destroy idols and their accessories Deut. 12:2
# [[石像]]に跪いてはいけない <!--Not to bow down on smooth stone--> ()レビ記 26:1
# Not to derive benefit from idols and their accessories Deut. 7:26
# [[神殿]]([[シナゴーグ]])の中庭に木を植えてはいけない <!--Not to plant a tree in the [[Temple courtyard]]--> (申命記 16:21)<br> 申命記では、木造の[[アシェラ]]像の禁止
# Not to derive benefit from ornaments of idols Deut. 7:25
# 偶像とその付属物の破壊 <!--To destroy idols and their accessories--> ()申命記 12:2<br> 申命記では(住む場所にあった)敵の神殿・礼拝所の破壊
# Not to make a covenant with idolaters Deut. 7:2
# 偶像とその付属物から恩恵(利益)を引き出さない <!--Not to derive benefit from idols and their accessories--> ()申命記 7:26
# Not to show favor to them Deut. 7:2
# 偶像の飾りから恩恵を引き出さない <!--Not to derive benefit from ornaments of idols--> 申命記 7:25<br> 申命記では、偶像にかぶせてある金銀に目を奪われてはいけない
# Not to let them dwell in our land Ex. 23:33
# 偶像崇拝者と契約を結ばない <!--Not to make a covenant with idolaters--> ()申命記 7:2<br> 申命記における7つの民(敵)と闘う理由の解釈
# Not to imitate them in customs and clothing Lev. 20:23
# 偶像崇拝者に好意を見せない <!--Not to show favor to them--> ()申命記 7:2
# Not to be superstitious Lev. 19:26
# 彼らと土地に一緒に住まない <!--Not to let them dwell in our land--> 出エジプト記 23:33
# Not to go into a [[trance]] to foresee events, etc. Deut. 18:10
# 偶像崇拝者の風習と[[衣装]]を真似てはいけない <!--Not to imitate them in customs and clothing--> レビ記 20:23<br> [[ハシディズム]]などで、キリスト教徒と違う服装をするのはこういうところからも来ている。ところが、それですらポーランド貴族の衣装であった
# Not to engage in [[astrology]] Lev. 19:26
# [[迷信]]を信じてはいけない <!--Not to be superstitious--> レビ記 19:26
# Not to mutter incantations Deut. 18:11
# [[催眠]]状態([[恍惚]]状態)で予見(予知、<u>予</u>言)をする者などを頼りにしてはいけない <!--Not to go into a [[trance]] to foresee events, etc.--> 申命記 18:10
# Not to attempt to contact the dead Deut. 18:11
# [[占星術]]を行ったり、雇ったり信じてはいけない <!--Not to engage in [[astrology]]--> レビ記 19:26
# Not to consult the ov Deut. 18:11
# [[呪文]](incantation)を唱えてはいけない、信じてはいけない <!--Not to mutter incantations--> 申命記 18:11
# Not to consult the yidoni Deut. 18:11
# [[死者]]との交流を試みてはいけない、信じてはいけない <!--Not to attempt to contact the dead--> 申命記 18:11<br> [[イタコ]]、霊媒、「[[霊感]]」などは全てご御法度である
# Not to perform acts of [[Magic (paranormal)|magic]] Deut. 18:10
# オーブ(霊媒)に助けを求め、相談してはいけない <!--Not to consult the ov--> 申命記 18:11
# Men must not shave the hair off the sides of their head Lev. 19:27
# イドニ(魔術による占い師)に助けを求め、相談してはいけない <!--Not to consult the yidoni--> 申命記 18:11
# Men must not shave their beards with a [[razor]] Lev. 19:27
# 魔術を演じてはいけない <!--Not to perform acts of [[Magic (paranormal)|magic]]--> 申命記 18:10
# Men must not wear women's clothing Deut. 22:5
# [[揉み上げ]]を剃ってはならない <!--Men must not shave the hair off the sides of their head--> レビ記 19:27
# Women must not wear men's clothing Deut. 22:5
# [[ひげ]]を[[剃刀]]によって剃り落としてはならない <!--Men must not shave their beards with a [[razor]]--> レビ記 19:27<br> これらは迷信ではなく、行為によって神と共にいる、人が訓練するなどのためにある。電子かみそりは刃に当たらないとする解釈もある
# Not to [[tattoo]] the skin Lev. 19:28
# 男性が[[女装]]してはいけない <!--Men must not wear women's clothing--> 申命記 22:5<br> ただ、[[プーリーム祭]]のカーニバルと演劇(purimshpil)では女装をする
# Not to tear the skin in mourning Deut. 14:1
# 女性が[[男装]]してはいけない <!--Women must not wear men's clothing--> 申命記 22:5
# Not to make a bald spot in mourning Deut. 14:1
# 肌に[[刺青]]をしてはいけない <!--Not to [[tattoo]] the skin--> (レビ記 19:28)<br> 埋葬の際も、刺青はいとわれる
# To repent and confess wrongdoings Num. 5:7
# 死者を悼んで、[[皮膚]]を傷つけてはいけない <!--Not to tear the skin in mourning--> 申命記 14:
# To say the [[Shema Yisrael|Shema]] twice daily Deut.6:7
# 死者を悼むために額を剃りあげてはならない <!--Not to make a bald spot in mourning--> 申命記 14:1
# To serve the Almighty with prayer daily Ex. 23:25
# 悪行を悔い、告白する <!--To repent and confess wrongdoings--> 民数記 5:7<br> ラビに懺悔のために相談することはあっても、[[キリスト教]]のように、人が罪びと([[原罪]])として生まれ、何か(例えばキリストの死)によって[[贖い|贖われる]]といった思想はないので注意が必要である。ユダヤ教では[[テシューバー]](神に立ち返ること)の作業を行う
# The [[Kohen|Kohanim]] must bless the Jewish nation daily Num. 6:23
# 一日の二回の祈りの時に、「[[シェマア・イスラーエール]] [[:en:Shema Yisrael|Shema]]」を唱える <!--To say the [[Shema Yisrael|Shema]] twice daily--> (申命記 6:7)
# To wear [[tefillin]] on the head Deut. 6:8
# 一日の祈りのたび、全能者に仕える <!--To serve the Almighty with prayer daily--> (出エジプト記 23:25)
# To bind tefillin on the arm Deut. 6:8
# [[コーヘーン]] [[:en:Kohen|Kohanim]] はユダヤ教徒を祝福する <!--The [[Kohen|Kohanim]] must bless the Jewish nation daily--> 民数記 6:23
# To put a [[mezuzah]] on each door post Deut. 6:9
# [[テフィッリーン]] [[:en:tefillin|tphillin]] を頭につける <!--To wear [[tefillin]] on the head--> 申命記 6:8
# Each male must write a [[Sefer Torah]] Deut. 31:19
# テフィッリーンを腕に巻く <!--To bind tefillin on the arm--> 申命記 6:8
# The king must have a separate Sefer Torah for himself Deut. 17:18
# [[メズーザー]] [[:en:mezuzah|mezuzah]] をドアの横に打ち付ける <!--To put a [[mezuzah]] on each door post--> 申命記 6:9<br> これを見、家へ入る度に手を当てて祈るたび、ユダヤ教が思い起こされるからである(マイモニデス)
# To have [[tzitzit]] on four-cornered garments Num. 15:38
# 全ての男性は[[セーフェル・トーラー]] [[:en:Sefer Torah|Sefer Torah]](トーラーの巻物)を書く <!--Each male must write a [[Sefer Torah]]--> 申命記 31:19
# To bless the Almighty after eating Deut. 8:10
# 王は、自分自身のためにセーフェル・トーラーからの抜き刷りを用意する <!--The king must have a separate Sefer Torah for himself--> 申命記17:18<br> 聖書では、更に、傍らに置き、生きている限り研究を続けることになっている
# To [[Brit milah|circumcise]] all males on the eighth day after their birth Lev. 12:3
# 衣服の四隅に[[ツィーツィート]] [[:en:tzitzit|tzitzit]](ツィツィット、「[[房]]」と「青いひも」)をつける <!--To have [[tzitzit]] on four-cornered garments--> 民数記 15:38<br> メズーザーと同じく、トーラーが思い起こされるからである
# To rest on the [[Shabbat|seventh day]] Ex. 23:12
# 食後に、全能者を祝福する <!--To bless the Almighty after eating--> 申命記 8:10
# Not to do prohibited labor on the seventh day Ex. 20:10
# 生後8日目に全ての男性は[[ベリート・ミーラー]]([[割礼]])をする <!--To [[Brit milah|circumcise]] all males on the eighth day after their birth--> レビ記12:3<br> 包茎手術については、衛生や病気予防といった実利的な側面は、最も通っている俗説であり、神との契約を思い起こすためなのだという見解がある
# The court must not inflict punishment on Shabbat Ex. 35:3
# 七日目を[[安息日|安息の日]]とする <!--To rest on the [[Shabbat|seventh day]]--> 出エジプト記 23:12
# Not to walk outside the city boundary on Shabbat Ex. 16:29
# 七日目に、禁じられている[[労働]]を避ける <!--Not to do prohibited labor on the seventh day--> 出エジプト記 20:10<br> 物質的世界から身を離すためである
# To sanctify the day with [[Kiddush]] and [[Havdalah]] Ex. 20:8
# 安息日には、あらゆる[[罰]]<small>(行動を禁じたり、習慣を止めさせたりするために与える、不快・苦痛の刺激、結果的には屈辱感を与え、自己評価を低め、自己不信・無力感を与えること)</small>を与えてはいけない <!--The court must not inflict punishment on Shabbat--> 出エジプト記 35:3<br> もとの聖書では、[[火]]をたくことの禁止
# To rest from prohibited labor Lev. 23:32
# 安息日には、[[都市]]の郊外へ歩いて出て行かない <!--Not to walk outside the city boundary on Shabbat--> 出エジプト記 16:29
# Not to do prohibited labor on [[Yom Kippur]] Lev. 23:32
# [[キッドゥーシュ]]と[[ハブダーラー]] [[:en:Havdalah|habhdalah]] を唱えよう <!--To sanctify the day with [[Kiddush]] and [[Havdalah]]--> 出エジプト記 20:8
# To afflict yourself on Yom Kippur Lev. 16:29
# 禁じられた労働から休息する <!--To rest from prohibited labor--> レビ記 23:32
# Not to eat or drink on Yom Kippur Lev. 23:29
# [[ヨーム・キップール]]には禁じられた労働をしない <!--Not to do prohibited labor on [[Yom Kippur]]--> レビ記 23:32
# To rest on the first day of [[Passover]] Lev. 23:7
# いかなる仕事をせず、「苦行」をする <!--To afflict yourself on Yom Kippur--> レビ記 16:29<br> どのような心持ちで、意味を持たせ、どのような方法で行うのか、更に解釈・ハラーハーを掘り下げる必要がある
# Not to do prohibited labor on the first day of Passover Lev. 23:8
# ヨーム・キップールに[[飲食]]をしてはならない <!--Not to eat or drink on Yom Kippur--> レビ記 23:29
# To rest on the seventh day of Passover Lev. 23:8
# Not[[過ぎ越し]]の最初に日は安息の日とする <!--To to do prohibited laborrest on the seventhfirst day of [[Passover]]--> Lev.レビ記 23:8 7
# 過ぎ越しの初日には禁じられた労働をしない <!--Not to do prohibited labor on the first day of Passover--> レビ記 23:8
# To rest on [[Shavuot]] Lev. 23:21
# 過ぎ越しの7日目には安息をする <!--To rest on the seventh day of Passover--> レビ記 23:8
# Not to do prohibited labor on Shavuot Lev. 23:21
# 過ぎ越しの7日目には禁じられた労働をしない <!--Not to do prohibited labor on the seventh day of Passover--> レビ記 23:8
# To rest on [[Rosh Hashana]] Lev. 23:24
# [[シャーブーオート]]([[七週の祭り]]、[[五旬節]])には安息をする <!--To rest on [[Shavuot]]--> レビ記 23:21
# Not to do prohibited labor on Rosh Hashana Lev. 23:25
# シャーブーオートには禁じられた労働をしない <!--Not to do prohibited labor on Shavuot--> レビ記 23:21
# To rest on [[Sukkot]] Lev. 23:35
# [[ローシュ・ハッシャーナー]](新年祭)には安息をする <!--To rest on [[Rosh Hashana]]--> レビ記 23:24
# Not to do prohibited labor on [[Sukkot]] Lev. 23:35
# ローシュ・ハッシャーナーには禁じられた労働をしない <!--Not to do prohibited labor on Rosh Hashana--> レビ記 23:25
# To rest on [[Shmini Atzeret]] Lev. 23:36
# [[スッコート]]([[仮庵祭]])には安息をする <!--To rest on [[Sukkot]]--> レビ記 23:35
# Not to do prohibited labor on Shmini Atzeret Lev. 23:36
# スッコートには禁じられた労働をしない <!--Not to do prohibited labor on [[Sukkot]]--> レビ記 23:35
# Not to eat [[chametz]] on the afternoon of the 14th day of Nissan Deut. 16:3
# [[シェミーニー・アツェーレート]] [[:en:Shmini Atzeret|Shmini Atzeret]]([[仮庵祭]]明け)には安息をする <!--To rest on [[Shmini Atzeret]]--> レビ記 23:36
# To destroy all chametz on 14th day of Nissan Ex. 12:15
# シェミーニー・アツェーレートには禁じられた労働をしない <!--Not to do prohibited labor on Shmini Atzeret--> レビ記 23:36
# Not to eat chametz all seven days of Passover Ex. 13:3
# [[ニサン]]の14日(アルバーアー=ベニーサーン)には[[ハーメーツ]] [[:en:chametz|chametz]](ハメツ、普通の酵母入りのパン)を食べない <!--Not to eat [[chametz]] on the afternoon of the 14th day of Nissan--> 申命記 16:3
# Not to eat mixtures containing chametz all seven days of Passover Ex. 12:20
# ニサンの14日にハーメーツを燃やす <!--To destroy all chametz on 14th day of Nissan--> 出エジプト記 12:15
# Not to see chametz in your domain seven days Ex. 13:7
# 過ぎ越しの七日間ハーメーツを食べない <!--Not to findeat chametz in your domainall seven days Ex.of 12Passover--> 出エジプト記 13:19 3
# 過ぎ越しの七日間、ハーメーツを含んだ食品を食べない <!--Not to eat mixtures containing chametz all seven days of Passover--> 出エジプト記 12:20
# To eat [[Matzo|matzah]] on the first night of Passover Ex. 12:18
# あなたの領域内で、ハーメーツを見つけない <!--Not to see chametz in your domain seven days--> 出エジプト記 13:7
# To relate the [[Exodus]] from [[Egypt]] on that night Ex. 13:8
# あなたの領域内で、ハーメーツを見ない <!--Not to find chametz in your domain seven days--> 出エジプト記 12:19
# To hear the [[Shofar]] on the first day of [[Tishrei]] (Rosh Hashana) Num. 9:1
# 過ぎ越しの初日の夜、[[マッツァー]]を食べる <!--To eat [[Matzo|matzah]] on the first night of Passover--> 出エジプト記 12:18
# To dwell in a [[Sukkah]] for the seven days of Sukkot Lev. 23:42
# [[エジプト]]からの脱出を物語る <!--To relate the [[Exodus]] from [[Egypt]] on that night--> 出エジプト記 13:8<br> 出エジプトは「解放」を意味する
# To take up a [[Lulav]] and [[Etrog]] all seven days Lev. 23:40
# ティシュレーの1日(ローシュ・ハッシャーナー)に[[ショーファール]] [[:en:Shofar|shophar]] の音色を聞こう <!--To hear the [[Shofar]] on the first day of [[Tishrei]] (Rosh Hashana)--> 民数記 9:1
# Each man must give a half [[shekel]] annually Ex. 30:13
# スッコート(仮庵祭)の7日間は[[スッカー]] [[:en:Sukkah|Sukkah]]([[仮庵]])に住もう <!--To dwell in a [[Sukkah]] for the seven days of Sukkot--> レビ記 23:42
# Courts must calculate to determine when a new month begins Ex. 12:2
# [[ルーラーブ]] [[:en:Lulav|lulabh]]([[ナツメヤシ]])と[[エトローグ]] [[:en:Etrog|ethrog]]([[クエン]])を仮庵祭の7日間用意しよう <!--To take up a [[Lulav]] and [[Etrog]] all seven days--> レビ記 23:40
# To afflict and cry out before God in times of catastrophe Num. 10:9
# 毎年半[[シェケル]]を払う <!--Each man must give a half [[shekel]] annually--> 出エジプト記 30:13<br> 聖書ではモーセがイスラエルの人口を調査したとき、登録の終わった者は神殿に銀半シェケルを奉納することが書かれている(cf.ツェダーカー:正義による寄付・慈善)
# To marry a wife by means of [[ketubah]] and [[kiddushin]] Deut. 22:13
# 共同体<!--ベート・ディン?-->は、新たな[[月]]の始まりを決定するために計算をする <!--Courts must calculate to determine when a new month begins 出エジプト記 12:2
# Not to have relations with women not thus married Deut. 23:18
# 大惨事の時に、神のために苦しみ、神に叫ぶ <!--To afflict and cry out before God in times of catastrophe--> 民数記 10:9<br> 聖書では敵が攻め入ってきた時にラッパ(二本の銀のラッパ)を吹くことが書かれている
# Not to withhold food, clothing, and sexual relations from your wife Ex. 21:10
# [[ケトゥーバー]] [[:en:ketubah|kthubhah]] と[[キッドゥーシーン]] [[:en:kiddushin|qiddušin]] によって[[結婚]]する <!--To marry a wife by means of [[ketubah]] and [[kiddushin]]--> 申命記 22:13<br> ケトゥーバー:結婚誓約書。美的価値の高い[[アラム語]]文書(→[[ユダヤ教美術]])を朗読する。[[改革派 (ユダヤ教)|改革派]]では廃止している<br> キッドゥーシーン:結婚誓約式。[[誓約]]、[[指輪]]の交換を行う。ユダヤ教からキリスト教へ入り、非(擬)キリスト教の結婚式が模倣するようになった
# To have children with one's wife Gen 1:28
# このようにして結婚していない女性と[[性行為|性的関係]]を持ってはならない <!--Not to have relations with women not thus married--> 申命記 23:18<br> ヤダー(性行為)は創造の行為とされる。ただ現在では、イスラエルでも16歳前後での妊娠が増えて社会問題になったことなど、いろいろな人がいる
# To issue a divorce by means of a [[Get]] document Deut. 24:1
# 妻に衣食、性行為を与えることを控えてはならない <!--Not to withhold food, clothing, and sexual relations from your wife--> 出エジプト記 21:10
# A man must not remarry his wife after she has married someone else Deut. 24:4
# 妻との間に子を設ける <!--To have children with one's wife--> 創世記 1:28<br> 「生めよ、増えよ…」
# To do yibum (marry childless brother's widow) Deut. 25:5
# [[ゲート (文書)|ゲート]] [[:en:Get|gēt‘]] 文書を発行することによって[[離婚]]をする <!--To issue a divorce by means of a [[Get|gēt‘]] document--> 申命記 24:1
# To do [[chalitzah]] (freeing a widow from yibum) Deut. 25:9
# (離婚し)別の男性と結婚した妻と[[再婚]]してはならない <!--A man must not remarry his wife after she has married someone else--> 申命記 24:4<br> 聖書では深く理由を語ってはいない
# The widow must not remarry until the ties with her brother-in-law are removed Deut. 25:5
# イブームをする(子供がいない場合、亡夫のキョウダイが妻の夫となる) <!--To do yibum (marry childless brother's widow)--> 申命記 25:5<br> cf.[[レビラート婚]]
# The court must fine one who seduces a maiden Ex. 22:15-16
# [[ハリツァー]]([[脱靴式]]) [[:en:chalitzah|chalitzah]] をする <!--To do [[chalitzah]] (freeing a widow from yibum)--> 申命記 25:9<br> 現在ではレビラート婚は行われず、ハリツァー(聖書では靴を脱がし唾をかける侮辱的な行動)も儀式である
# The [[rapist]] must marry the maiden (if she chooses) Deut. 22:29
# 寡婦は <!--The widow must not remarry until the ties with her brother-in-law are removed--> 申命記 25:5
# He is not allowed to [[divorce]] her Deut. 22:29
# 宮廷(裁判所)は乙女を誘惑した者に対して、結納金か結納金に相当するものを支払わせなければならない <!--The court must fine one who seduces a maiden--> 出エジプト記 22:15-16
# The slanderer must remain married to his wife Deut. 22:19
# [[強姦]]者 [[:en:rapist|rapist]] はその乙女と結婚しなければならない <!--The [[rapist]] must marry the maiden (if she chooses)--> 申命記 22:29
# He must not divorce her Deut. 22:19
# 彼は離婚が許されない <!--He is not allowed to [[divorce]] her--> 申命記 22:29
# To fulfill the laws of the [[Sotah]] Num. 5:30
# 妻の中傷を流したものは、離縁はできない <!--The slanderer must remain married to his wife--> 申命記 22:19
# Not to put oil on her meal offering Num. 5:15
# 妻の中傷を流したものは、離縁はできない <!--He must not divorce her--> 申命記 22:19
# Not to put [[frankincense]] on her [[Meal Offering]] Num. 5:15
# [[ソーター]] [[:en:Sotah|sot‘āh]] を実行する <!--To fulfill the laws of the [[Sotah]]--> 民数記 5:30<br> ソーター:[[ミシュナー]]3・[[セーフェル・ナーシーム]](婦人篇)5;姦淫の妻について論じる箇所で、バビロニア版、エルサレム版の[[タルムード]]に入っている
# Not to have sexual relations with your mother Lev. 18:7
# 姦淫の妻の[[穀物の供物]] [[:en:meal offering|meal(meat, grain) offering]] にオリーブ油を注がない <!--Not to put oil on her meal offering--> 民数記 5:15
# Not to have sexual relations with your father's wife Lev. 18:8
# 姦淫の妻の穀物の供物に[[乳香]]を載せない <!--Not to put [[frankincense]] on her [[Meal Offering]]--> 民数記 5:15
# Not to have sexual relations with your sister Lev. 18:9
# 母と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with your father'smother--> wife's daughter Lev.レビ記 18:11 7<br> 以下は全て男性向けに書かれている
# 義理の母と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with your sonfather's daughterwife--> Lev.レビ記 18:10 8
# 姉妹と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with your daughtersister--> Lev.レビ記 18:10 9
# 父が再婚した妻の娘(義理の姉妹)と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with your daughterfather's wife's daughter--> Lev.レビ記 18:10 11
# 孫娘と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with ayour woman and herson's daughter--> Lev.レビ記 18:17 10
# 娘と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with a woman and her son'syour daughter--> Lev.レビ記 18:17 10
# 孫娘(娘の娘)と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with a woman and heryour daughter's daughter--> Lev. レビ記 18:17 10
# 義理の娘(再婚した妻の娘)と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with youra father'swoman sisterand her Lev.daughter--> レビ記 18:12 17
# 義理の孫娘(再婚した妻の孫娘)と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with youra motherwoman and her son's sisterdaughter--> Lev.レビ記 18:13 17
# 義理の孫娘(再婚した妻の娘の娘)と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with youra father'swoman and brotherher daughter's wifedaughter--> Lev.レビ記 18:14 17
# 父方のオバ(父のキョウダイ)と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with your sonfather's wifesister--> Lev. レビ記 18:15 12
# 母方のオバと性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with your brothermother's wifesister--> Lev. レビ記 18:16 13
# 義理のオバ(父のキョウダイの配偶者)と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with your wifefather's sisterbrother's wife--> Lev. レビ記 18:18 14
# A義理の娘(息子の妻)と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not man must notto have sexual relations with ayour beastson's Lev.wife--> レビ記 18:23 15
# A兄弟の妻と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not woman must notto have sexual relations with ayour beastbrother's wife--> Lev.レビ記 18:23 16
# 妻の姉妹と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have homosexual sexual relations Lev.with your wife's sister--> レビ記 18:22 18
# Not男性は動物と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--A toman havemust homosexualnot have sexual relations with youra fatherbeast--> Lev.レビ記 18:7 23
# Not女性は動物と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--A towoman must not have homosexual sexual relations with youra father'sbeast--> brother Lev.レビ記 18:14 23
# 同性愛の性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have homosexual sexual relations--> with a married woman Lev.レビ記 18:20 22
# 父と同性愛の性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have homosexual sexual relations with ayour menstruallyfather--> impure woman Lev.レビ記 18:19 7
# オジ(父の兄弟)と同性愛の性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have homosexual sexual relations with your father's brother--> レビ記 18:14
# Not to marry non-Jews Deut. 7:3
# 既婚の女性と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with a married woman--> レビ記 18:20
# Not to let [[Moabite]] and [[Ammon (nation)|Ammonite]] males marry into the Jewish people Deut. 23:4
# [[生理]]中の女性と性的関係を持ってはならない <!--Not to have sexual relations with a menstrually impure woman--> レビ記 18:19
# Don't keep a third generation Egyptian convert from marrying into the Jewish people Deut. 23:8-9
# 非ユダヤ人と結婚しない <!--Not to marry non-Jews--> 申命記 7:3<br> 理由:子供は[[同化]]し異教徒になってしまう危険がある。ユダヤ人の役割は同化することではない
# Not to refrain from marrying a third generation Edomite convert Deut. 23:8-9
# [[モアブ人]] [[:en:Moabite|Moabite]] [[アンモン人]] [[:en:Ammon (nation)|Ammonite]] 男性をユダヤ人の中に婿として迎えない <!--Not to let [[Moabite]] and [[Ammon (nation)|Ammonite]] males marry into the Jewish people--> 申命記 23:4<br> 理由は聖書にははっきりと書かれていない
# Not to let a [[mamzer]] ("bastard") marry into the Jewish people Deut. 23:3
# Not<!--Don't to letkeep a [[eunuch]]third marrygeneration Egyptian convert from marrying into the Jewish people--> Deut.申命記 23:28-9
# <!--Not to refrain from marrying a third generation Edomite convert--> 申命記 23:8-9
# Not to [[castrate]] any male (including animals) Lev. 22:24
# The<!--Not to let a [[High Priestmamzer]] must("bastard") not marry ainto the widowJewish people--> Lev.申命記 2123:143
# <!--Not to let a [[eunuch]] marry into the Jewish people--> 申命記 23:2
# The High Priest must not have sexual relations with a widow even outside of marriage Lev. 21:15
# <!--Not to [[castrate]] any male (including animals)--> レビ記 22:24
# The High Priest must marry a [[virgin]] maiden Lev. 21:13
# A<!--The [[Kohen]]High (Priest)]] must not marry a divorceewidow--> Lev.レビ記 21:714
# A<!--The KohenHigh Priest must not marryhave asexual zonahrelations with (a womanwidow whoeven hadoutside forbiddenof relations)marriage--> Lev.レビ記 21:7 15
# A<!--The priestHigh Priest must not marry a chalalah[[virgin]] (party to or product of 169maiden--172)> Lev.レビ記 21:7 13
# <!--A [[Kohen]] (Priest) must not marry a divorcee--> レビ記 21:7
# Not to make pleasurable (sexual) contact with any forbidden woman Lev. 18:6
# <!--A Kohen must not marry a zonah (a woman who had forbidden relations)--> レビ記 21:7
# To examine the signs of animals to distinguish between [[kosher]] and [[non-kosher]] Lev. 11:2
# <!--A priest must not marry a chalalah (party to or product of 169-172)--> レビ記 21:7
# To examine the signs of [[fowl]] to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher Deut. 14:11
# <!--Not to make pleasurable (sexual) contact with any forbidden woman--> レビ記 18:6<br><br>
# To examine the signs of [[fish]] to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher Lev. 11:9
# [[カーシェール]]<small>([[コーシャー]]、[[コシェル]] [[:en:kosher|kasher]])</small>と[[非カーシェール]] [[:en:non-kosher|non-kosher]] を弁別する[[生物|生き物]]のしるしを調べる <!--To examine the signs of [[locusts]]animals to distinguish between [[kosher]] and [[non-kosher]] Lev.レビ記 11:21 2
# カーシェールと非カーシェールを弁別する[[鳥]]類のしるしを調べる <!--To examine the signs of [[fowl]] to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher 申命記 14:11
# Not to eat non-kosher animals Lev. 11:4
# カーシェールと非カーシェールを弁別する[[魚]]類のしるしを調べる <!--To examine the signs of [[fish]] to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher レビ記 11:9
# Not to eat non-kosher fowl Lev. 11:13
# カーシェールと非カーシェールを弁別する[[バッタ科]] [[:en:locusts|locusts]] のしるしを調べる <!--To examine the signs of [[locusts]] to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher レビ記 11:21
# Not to eat non-kosher fish Lev. 11:11
# 非カーシェールの生き物を食べない <!--Not to eat non-kosher flyinganimals--> insectsレビ記 Deut. 1411:19 4
# 非カーシェールの鳥を食べない <!--Not to eat non-kosher creaturesfowl--> that crawl on land Lev.レビ記 11:41 13
# 非カーシェールの魚を食べない <!--Not to eat non-kosher maggotsfish--> Lev.レビ記 11:44 11
# 非カーシェールの飛ぶ虫を食べない <!--Not to eat non-kosher flying insects--> 申命記 14:19
# Not to eat worms found in fruit on the ground Lev. 11:42
# 非カーシェールの地を這う創造物を食べない <!--Not to eat non-kosher creatures that livecrawl inon waterland--> other than fish Lev.レビ記 11:43 41
# 非カーシェールの[[蛆虫]]を食べない <!--Not to eat non-kosher maggots--> レビ記 11:44<br> 聖書では、自身の聖別と、[[爬虫類]]の食用の禁止
# Not to eat the meat of an animal that died without ritual slaughter Deut. 14:21
# 地面に落ちた[[果物]]にいる虫を食べない <!--Not to eat worms found in fruit on the ground--> レビ記 11:42<br> 聖書では、地上を這う爬虫類の食用の禁止
# Not to benefit from an ox condemned to be stoned Ex. 21:28
# 魚以外の、[[水]]にすむ創造物を食べない食べない <!--Not to eat creatures that live in water other than fish--> レビ記 11:43
# Not to eat meat of an animal that was mortally wounded Ex. 22:30
# [[シェヒーター]] [[:en:shechitah|shechitah]] <small>(生き物の命を頂き、命を口に入れないために血抜きをする儀式)</small>によって息絶えた生き物以外は食べない <!--Not to eat the meat of an animal that died without ritual slaughter--> 申命記 14:21<br> [[狩猟]]による獲物、[[奴隷]]を「傷つけながら」作った作物、[[狐狩り]]や[[アザラシ]]の[[毛皮]]などを身に纏うこともご法度となる
# Not to eat a limb torn off a living creature Deut 12:23
# 石で殺された(人を死傷させたために殺された)[[牛]]を食べない <!--Not to benefit from an ox condemned to be stoned--> 出エジプト記 21:28
# Not to eat blood Lev. 3:17
# 致命傷で死んだ生き物の肉を食べない <!--Not to eat meat of an animal that was mortally wounded--> 出エジプト記 22:30<br> 聖書では野外で噛み殺された肉の食用の禁止。それは犬の餌と書かれている
# Not to eat certain fats of clean animals Lev. 3:17
# 命のある創造物からちぎれた[[:en:limb|リム]]<small>(英語:突出している四股や[[鰭]]・[[翼]]・[[側脚]]など)</small>食べない <!--Not to eat a limb torn off a living creature--> Deut 12:23<br> 「血は[[命]]であり、命を肉と共に食べてはならない」を拡大したもの
# Not to eat the sinew of the thigh Gen. 32:33
# [[血]]を食べない <!--Not to eat blood--> レビ記 3:17<br> <small>多くの文化と異なり、血を含んだ食べ物は全てご法度である。[[エホバの証人]]が誤って拡大解釈させたことがあったが、生者が生者に命を分け与えるのであるから、これは当てはまらない。ただ、血は命と解釈している部分は評価できる</small>
# Not to eat meat and milk cooked together Ex. 23:19
# 清い食べ物の[[脂肪]]分を完全に食べない <!--Not to eat certain fats of clean animals--> レビ記 3:17<br> 聖書では「脂肪と血は食べてはならない」
# Not to cook meat and milk together Ex. 34:26
# [[腿]]の[[腱]]を食べない <!--Not to eat the sinew of the thigh--> [[創世記]] 32:33(ここでは創世記に基づく二度目の部分)<br> 聖書では「腿の[[関節]]にある腰の筋を食べない」
# Not to eat bread from new grain before the [[Omer]] Lev. 23:14
# [[肉]]と[[乳]]が一緒に料理されたものを食べない <!--Not to eat meat and milk cooked together--> 出エジプト記 23:19<br> 肉を[[乳製品]]で煮たもの、例えば肉入りの[[クリームシチュー]]などは食べない
# Not to eat parched grains from new grain before the Omer Lev. 23:14
# 肉と乳を一緒に料理しない <!--Not to cook meat and milk together--> 出エジプト記 34:26
# Not to eat ripened grains from new grain before the Omer Lev. 23:14
# レビ記で、雄羊・初穂から作った[[パン]]・[[ワイン]]を主への捧げ物とする期間と書いてある[[オーメル]] [[Omer|‘ōmer]] <small>([[ペサハ]]から[[シャーブーオート]]までの7週間の期間)</small>の前に、初穂から作ったパンを食べてしまわない <!--Not to eat bread from new grain before the [[Omer|‘ōmer]]--> レビ記 23:14
# Not to eat fruit of a tree during its first three years Lev. 19:23
# オーメルの前に初穂で作った炒り麦(parched grains)を食べない <!--Not to eat parched grains from new grain before the Omer--> レビ記 23:14
# Not to eat diverse seeds planted in a vineyard Deut. 22:9
# オーメルの前に初穂で作った引き割り麦(ripened grains)を食べない <!--Not to eat ripened grains from new grain before the Omer--> レビ記 23:14
# Not to eat untithed fruits Lev. 22:15
# 植えてから三年の間の果物を食べない <!--Not to eat fruit of a tree during its first three years--> レビ記 19:23<br> 4年目に初めて果物が割礼を受け、聖なる物となり、主への賛美の捧げ物となると書かれている
# Not to drink wine poured in service to idols Deut. 32:38
# [[ブドウ]][[畑]]に撒かれた、ブドウとは別種の種による作物と食品を食べない <!--Not to eat diverse seeds planted in a vineyard--> 申命記 22:9<br> 申命記 22:9 には作物・家畜・衣料の混合の禁止が書かれてあるが、理由には触れられていない
# To ritually slaughter an animal before eating it Deut. 12:21
# [[十分の一税]] [[:en:tithe|tithe]] を課されていない果物を食べない <!--Not to eat untithed fruits--> レビ記 22:15
# Not to slaughter an animal and its offspring on the same day Lev. 22:28
# 偶像への供物として注がれた[[酒]]を飲まない <!--Not to drink wine poured in service to idols--> 申命記 32:38
# To cover the blood (of a slaughtered beast or fowl) with earth Lev. 17:13
# シェヒーターを[[食事]]の前に行う <!--To ritually slaughter an animal before eating it--> 申命記 12:21
# Not to take the mother bird from her children Deut. 22:6
# 一つの生き物の[[出産]]と[[屠殺]]を同日に行ってはいけない <!--Not to slaughter an animal and its offspring on the same day--> レビ記 22:28
# To release the mother bird if she was taken from the nest Deut. 22:7
# 食用となる動物・鳥の血を土で覆う <!--To cover the blood (of a slaughtered beast or fowl) with earth--> レビ記 17:13
# Not to [[swear]] falsely in God's Name Lev. 19:12
# 母鳥をその生んだもの([[雛]]・[[卵]])と一緒に捕ってはならない <!--Not to take the mother bird from her children--> 申命記 22:6<br> 「こうした状況下での生き物の苦痛は計り知れない」([[ラムバム]]「迷える者への手引き」3:48) cf.[[母猿断腸]]
# Not to take God's Name in vain Ex. 20:7
# 親鳥が巣を離れたら、親鳥を解放する <!--To release the mother bird if she was taken from the nest--> 申命記 22:7<br> 聖書では、親鳥を追い払い、雛・卵を捕るとなっている
# Not to deny possession of something entrusted to you Lev. 19:11
# 神の名を用いて誤って(偽り)誓わない <!--Not to [[swear]] falsely in God's Name--> レビ記 19:12
# Not to swear in denial of a monetary claim Lev. 19:11
# 神の名をみだりに唱えて(用いて)はいけない <!--Not to take God's Name in vain--> 出エジプト記 20:7
# To swear in God's Name to confirm the truth when deemed necessary by court Deut. 10:20
# Not to deny possession of something entrusted to you レビ記 19:11
# To fulfill what was uttered and to do what was avowed Deut. 23:24
# Not to swear in denial of a monetary claim レビ記 19:11
# Not to break [[oath]]s or [[vows]] Num. 30:3
# To swear in God's Name to confirm the truth when deemed necessary by court 申命記 10:20
# For oaths and vows annulled, there are the laws of annulling vows explicit in the Torah Num. 30:3
# To fulfill what was uttered and to do what was avowed 申命記 23:24
# The [[Nazarite|Nazir]] must let his hair grow Num. 6:5
# Not to break [[oath]]s or [[vows]] 民数記 30:3
# He must not cut his hair Num. 6:5
# For oaths and vows annulled, there are the laws of annulling vows explicit in the Torah 民数記 30:3
# He must not drink wine, wine mixtures, or wine vinegar Num. 6:3
# HeThe [[Nazarite|Nazir]] must notlet eathis freshhair grapesgrow Num.民数記 6:3 5
# He must not eatcut raisinshis Num.hair 民数記 6:3 5
# He must not eatdrink grapewine, seedswine Num.mixtures, or wine vinegar 民数記 6:4 3
# He must not eat grapefresh skinsgrapes Num. 民数記 6:4 3
# He must not beeat underraisins the same roof as a corpse Num.民数記 6:6 3
# He must not comeeat intogrape contactseeds with the dead Num.民数記 6:7 4
# He must not eat grape skins 民数記 6:4
# He must shave after bringing sacrifices upon completion of his Nazirite period Num. 6:9
# ToHe estimatemust not be under the valuesame of peopleroof as determineda bycorpse the Torah民数記 Lev. 276:2 6
# He must not come into contact with the dead 民数記 6:7
# To estimate the value of consecrated animals Lev. 27:12-13
# He must shave after bringing sacrifices upon completion of his Nazirite period 民数記 6:9
# To estimate the value of consecrated houses Lev. 27:14
# To estimate the value of consecratedpeople fieldsas determined Lev.by the Torah レビ記 27:16 2
# CarryTo outestimate the lawsvalue of interdictingconsecrated possessionsanimals (cherem) Lev.レビ記 27:28 12-13
# To estimate the value of consecrated houses レビ記 27:14
# Not to sell the cherem Lev. 27:28
# To estimate the value of consecrated fields レビ記 27:16
# Not to redeem the cherem Lev. 27:28
# Carry out the laws of interdicting possessions (cherem) レビ記 27:28
# Not to plant diverse seeds together Lev. 19:19
# Not to plantsell grainsthe orcherem greensレビ記 in a vineyard Deut. 2227:9 28
# Not to crossbreedredeem animalsthe cherem Lev.レビ記 1927:19 28
# Not to workplant differentdiverse animalsseeds together Deut.レビ記 2219:10 19
# Not to wearplant [[shatnez]],grains aor clothgreens wovenin ofa woolvineyard and linen Deut.申命記 22:11 9
# Not to crossbreed animals レビ記 19:19
# To leave a corner of the field uncut for the poor Lev. 19:10
# Not to reapwork thatdifferent corneranimals Lev.together 19:9申命記 22:10
# Not to wear [[shatnez]], a cloth woven of wool and linen 申命記 22:11
# To leave gleanings Lev. 19:9
# NotTo toleave gathera corner of the gleaningsfield uncut for the poor Lev.レビ記 19:910
# ToNot leaveto thereap gleaningsthat ofcorner a vineyard Lev.レビ記 19:109
# NotTo to gather theleave gleanings of a vineyard Lev.レビ記 19:109
# ToNot leaveto gather the unformed clusters ofgleanings grapes Lev.レビ記 19:109
# NotTo to pickleave the unformedgleanings clustersof ofa grapesvineyard Lev.レビ記 19:10
# ToNot leaveto gather the forgottengleanings sheavesof ina thevineyard fieldレビ記 Deut. 2419:1910
# To leave the unformed clusters of grapes レビ記 19:10
# Not to retrieve them Deut. 24:19
# ToNot separateto pick the titheunformed forclusters theof poorgrapes Deut.レビ記 1419:2810
# To leave the forgotten sheaves in the field 申命記 24:19
# To give charity Deut. 15:8
# Not to withholdretrieve charitythem from申命記 the poor Deut. 1524:719
# To setseparate asidethe Terumah Gedolah ( [[tithe]] for the Kohen)poor Deut.申命記 1814:428
# To give charity 申命記 15:8
# The Levite must set aside a tenth of his tithe Num. 18:26
# Not to withhold charity from the poor 申命記 15:7
# Not to preface one tithe to the next, but separate them in their proper order Ex. 22:28
# To set aside Terumah Gedolah ( [[tithe]] for the Kohen) 申命記 18:4
# A non-Kohen must not eat [[Terumah]] Lev. 22:10
# The Levite must set aside a tenth of his tithe 民数記 18:26
# A hired worker or a Jewish bondsman of a Kohen must not eat Terumah Lev. 22:10
# Not to preface one tithe to the next, but separate them in their proper order 出エジプト記 22:28
# An uncircumcised Kohen must not eat Terumah Ex.12:48
# An impureA non-Kohen must not eat [[Terumah]] Lev.レビ記 22:410
# A chalalahhired worker or a Jewish bondsman of a Kohen must not eat Terumah Lev.レビ記 22:1210
# An uncircumcised Kohen must not eat Terumah 出エジプト記12:48
# To set aside Ma'aser (tithe) each planting year and give it to a Levite Num. 18:24
# An impure Kohen must not eat Terumah レビ記 22:4
# To set aside the second tithe (Ma'aser Sheni) Deut. 14:22
# A chalalah must not eat Terumah レビ記 22:12
# Not to spend its redemption money on anything but food, drink, or ointment Deut. 26:14
# To set aside Ma'aser (tithe) each planting year and give it to a Levite 民数記 18:24
# Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni while impure Deut. 26:14
# ATo mournerset onaside the firstsecond day after death must not eattithe (Ma'aser Sheni) Deut.申命記 2614:1422
# Not to spend its redemption money on anything but food, drink, or ointment 申命記 26:14
# Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni grains outside Jerusalem Deut. 12:17
# Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni winewhile productsimpure outside申命記 Jerusalem Deut. 1226:1714
# NotA tomourner on the first day after death must not eat Ma'aser Sheni oil outside Jerusalem Deut.申命記 1226:1714
# Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni grains outside Jerusalem 申命記 12:17
# The fourth year crops must be totally for holy purposes like Ma'aser Sheni Lev. 19:24
# Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni wine products outside Jerusalem 申命記 12:17
# To read the confession of tithes every fourth and seventh year Deut. 26:13
# Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni oil outside Jerusalem 申命記 12:17
# To set aside the first fruits and bring them to the Temple Ex. 23:19
# The Kohanimfourth year crops must notbe totally eatfor theholy firstpurposes fruitslike outsideMa'aser [[Jerusalem]]Sheni Deut.レビ記 1219:1724
# To read the [[Torahconfession portion]]of pertainingtithes toevery theirfourth presentationand Deut.seventh year 申命記 26:513
# To set aside athe portionfirst offruits doughand forbring athem Kohento Num.the 15Temple 出エジプト記 23:2019
# The Kohanim must not eat the first fruits outside [[Jerusalem]] 申命記 12:17
# To give the shoulder, two cheeks, and stomach of slaughtered animals to a Kohen Deut. 18:3
# To giveread the first[[Torah sheeringportion]] of sheeppertaining to a Kohentheir presentation Deut.申命記 1826:45
# To redeemset theaside firstborna sonsportion andof givedough the money tofor a Kohen Num.民数記 1815:1520
# To redeemgive the firstbornshoulder, donkeytwo bycheeks, givingand astomach of slaughtered lambanimals to a Kohen Ex.申命記 1318:133
# To breakgive the neckfirst sheering of thesheep donkeyto if the owner does not intend toa redeemKohen it Ex.申命記 1318:134
# To redeem the firstborn sons and give the money to a Kohen 民数記 18:15
# To rest the land during the seventh year by not doing any work which enhances growth Ex. 34:21
# To redeem the firstborn donkey by giving a lamb to a Kohen 出エジプト記 13:13
# Not to work the land during the seventh year Lev. 25:4
# To break the neck of the donkey if the owner does not intend to redeem it 出エジプト記 13:13
# Not to work with trees to produce fruit during that year Lev. 25:4
# To rest the land during the seventh year by not doing any work which enhances growth 出エジプト記 34:21
# Not to reap crops that grow wild that year in the normal manner Lev. 25:5
# Not to gatherwork grapesthe whichland growduring wildthe thatseventh year in the normal way Lev.レビ記 25:54
# ToNot leaveto freework allwith producetrees whichto grewproduce infruit during that year Ex. 23レビ記 25:114
# ToNot releaseto allreap loanscrops duringthat thegrow seventhwild that year in the normal manner Deut.レビ記 1525:25
# Not to pressuregather orgrapes claimwhich fromgrow wild that year in the borrowernormal way Deut.レビ記 1525:25
# To leave free all produce which grew in that year 出エジプト記 23:11
# Not to refrain from lending immediately before the release of the loans for fear of monetary loss Deut. 15:9
# To release all loans during the seventh year 申命記 15:2
# The [[Sanhedrin]] must count seven groups of seven years Lev. 25:8
# TheNot Sanhedrinto mustpressure sanctifyor claim from the fiftiethborrower year Lev.申命記 2515:102
# Not to refrain from lending immediately before the release of the loans for fear of monetary loss 申命記 15:9
# To blow the Shofar on the tenth of Tishrei to free the [[slaves]] Lev. 25:9
# The [[Sanhedrin]] must count seven groups of seven years レビ記 25:8
# Not to work the soil during the fiftieth year ( [[Jubilee (Biblical)|Jubilee]] )Lev. 25:11
# NotThe toSanhedrin reapmust in the normal manner that which grows wild insanctify the fiftieth year Lev.レビ記 25:1110
# NotTo toblow pickthe grapesShofar whichon grewthe wildtenth inof theTishrei normal mannerto infree the fiftieth[[slaves]] year Lev.レビ記 25:119
# Not to work the soil during the fiftieth year ( [[Jubilee (Biblical)|Jubilee]] )レビ記 25:11
# Carry out the laws of sold family properties Lev. 25:24
# Not to sellreap in the landnormal manner that which grows wild in Israelthe fiftieth indefinitelyyear Lev.レビ記 25:2311
# Not to pick grapes which grew wild in the normal manner in the fiftieth year レビ記 25:11
# Carry out the laws of houses in walled cities Lev. 25:29
# Carry out the laws of sold family properties レビ記 25:24
# The [[Tribe]] of [[Levi]] must not be given a portion of the land in Israel, rather they are given cities to dwell in Deut. 18:1
# Not to sell the land in Israel indefinitely レビ記 25:23
# The Levites must not take a share in the spoils of war Deut. 18:1
# Carry out the laws of houses in walled cities レビ記 25:29
# To give the Levites cities to inhabit and their surrounding fields Num. 35:2
# The [[Tribe]] of [[Levi]] must not be given a portion of the land in Israel, rather they are given cities to dwell in 申命記 18:1
# Not to sell the fields but they shall remain the Levites' before and after the Jubilee year Lev. 25:34
# The Levites must not take a share in the spoils of war 申命記 18:1
# To build a Sanctuary Ex. 25:8
# To give the Levites cities to inhabit and their surrounding fields 民数記 35:2
# Not to build the altar with stones hewn by metal Ex. 20:23
# Not to sell the fields but they shall remain the Levites' before and after the Jubilee year レビ記 25:34
# Not to climb steps to the altar Ex. 20:26
# To build a Sanctuary 出エジプト記 25:8
# To show reverence to the Temple Lev. 19:30
# Not to build the altar with stones hewn by metal 出エジプト記 20:23
# To guard the Temple area Num. 18:2
# Not to leaveclimb thesteps Templeto unguardedthe altar Num.出エジプト記 1820:526
# To show reverence to the Temple レビ記 19:30
# To prepare the anointing oil Ex. 30:31
# NotTo to reproduceguard the anointingTemple area oil Ex.民数記 3018:322
# Not to anointleave withthe anointingTemple oilunguarded Ex. 30民数記 18:325
# NotTo to reproduceprepare the incense formulaanointing oil Ex.出エジプト記 30:3731
# Not to burn anything onreproduce the [[Golden Altar]] besidesanointing [[incense]]oil Ex.出エジプト記 30:932
# Not to anoint with anointing oil 出エジプト記 30:32
# The Levites must transport the ark on their shoulders Num. 7:9
# Not to removereproduce the stavesincense fromformula the ark Ex.出エジプト記 2530:1537
# Not to burn anything on the [[Golden Altar]] besides [[incense]] 出エジプト記 30:9
# The Levites must work in the Temple Num. 18:23
# The Levites must transport the ark on their shoulders 民数記 7:9
# No Levite must do another's work of either a Kohen or a Levite Num. 18:3
# ToNot dedicateto remove the Kohenstaves forfrom the serviceark Lev.出エジプト記 2125:815
# The kohanic work shiftsLevites must bework equalin duringthe holidaysTemple Deut.民数記 18:6-823
# No Levite must do another's work of either a Kohen or a Levite 民数記 18:3
# The Kohanim must wear their priestly garments during service Ex. 28:2
# NotTo to teardedicate the priestlyKohen garmentsfor service Ex.レビ記 2821:328
# The kohanic work shifts must be equal during holidays 申命記 18:6-8
# The [[breastplate]] must not be loosened from the Efod Ex. 28:28
# The Kohanim must wear their priestly garments during service 出エジプト記 28:2
# A Kohen must not enter the Temple intoxicated Lev. 10:9
# Not to tear the priestly garments 出エジプト記 28:32
# A Kohen must not enter the Temple with long hair Lev. 10:6
# AThe Kohen[[breastplate]] must not enterbe theloosened Templefrom with torn clothesthe Efod Lev.出エジプト記 1028:628
# A Kohen must not enter the Temple indiscriminatelyintoxicated Lev. 16レビ記 10:29
# A Kohen must not leaveenter the Temple duringwith servicelong Lev.hair レビ記 10:76
# ToA sendKohen themust impurenot fromenter the Temple Num.with torn clothes レビ記 510:26
# ImpureA peopleKohen must not enter the Temple Num.indiscriminately 5レビ記 16:32
# ImpureA peopleKohen must not enterleave the Temple Mountduring areaservice レビ記 Deut. 2310:117
# ImpureTo Kohanimsend mustthe notimpure do service infrom the temple Temple Lev.民数記 225:2
# Impure people must not enter the Temple 民数記 5:3
# An impure Kohen, following immersion, must wait until after sundown before returning to service Lev. 22:7
# AImpure Kohenpeople must washnot hisenter handsthe andTemple feetMount beforearea service 申命記 Ex. 3023:1911
# AImpure Kohen with a physical blemishKohanim must not enter the sanctuarydo orservice approachin the altartemple Lev.レビ記 2122:232
# An impure Kohen, following immersion, must wait until after sundown before returning to service レビ記 22:7
# A Kohen with a physical blemish must not serve Lev.21:17
# A Kohen withmust awash temporaryhis blemishhands mustand feet before notservice serve Lev.出エジプト記 2130:1719
# OneA whoKohen is notwith a Kohenphysical blemish must not serveenter the sanctuary or approach the altar Num.レビ記 1821:423
# A Kohen with a physical blemish must not serve レビ記21:17
# To offer only unblemished animals Lev. 22:21
# A Kohen with a temporary blemish must not serve レビ記 21:17
# Not to dedicate a blemished animal for the altar Lev. 22:20
# One who is not a Kohen must not serve 民数記 18:4
# Not to slaughter it Lev. 22:22
# NotTo tooffer sprinkleonly itsunblemished bloodanimals Lev.レビ記 22:2421
# Not to burndedicate itsa fatblemished Lev.animal for the altar レビ記 22:2220
# Not to offerslaughter ait temporarily blemishedレビ記 animal Deut. 1722:122
# Not to sacrificesprinkle blemishedits animalsblood even if offered by non-Jews Lev.レビ記 22:2524
# Not to inflictburn woundsits uponfat dedicated animals Lev.レビ記 22:2122
# Not to offer a temporarily blemished animal 申命記 17:1
# To redeem dedicated animals which have become disqualified Deut. 12:15
# ToNot offerto onlysacrifice blemished animals which are at leasteven eightif daysoffered oldby non-Jews Lev.レビ記 22:2725
# Not to inflict wounds upon dedicated animals レビ記 22:21
# Not to offer animals bought with the wages of a harlot or the animal exchanged for a dog Deut. 23:19
# To redeem dedicated animals which have become disqualified 申命記 12:15
# Not to burn honey or yeast on the altar Lev. 2:11
# To offer only animals which are at least eight days old レビ記 22:27
# To [[salt]] all sacrifices Lev. 2:13
# Not to offer animals bought with the wages of a harlot or the animal exchanged for a dog 申命記 23:19
# Not to omit the salt from sacrifices Lev. 2:13
# Not to burn honey or yeast on the altar レビ記 2:11
# Carry out the procedure of the burnt offering as prescribed in the Torah Lev. 1:3
# To [[salt]] all sacrifices レビ記 2:13
# Not to eat its meat Deut. 12:17
# CarryNot outto omit the proceduresalt of thefrom [[sin]]sacrifices offering Lev.レビ記 62:1813
# NotCarry to eatout the meatprocedure of the inner sinburnt offering Lev.as prescribed in the Torah レビ記 61:233
# Not to [[decapitate]]eat aits fowlmeat brought申命記 as a sin offering Lev. 512:817
# Carry out the procedure of the guilt[[sin]] offering Lev.レビ記 76:118
# TheNot Kohanim mustto eat the sacrificial meat inof the Templeinner sin offering Ex.レビ記 296:3323
# Not to [[decapitate]] a fowl brought as a sin offering レビ記 5:8
# The Kohanim must not eat the meat outside the Temple courtyard Deut. 12:17
# Carry out the procedure of the guilt offering レビ記 7:1
# A non-Kohen must not eat sacrificial meat Ex. 29:33
# The Kohanim must eat the sacrificial meat in the Temple 出エジプト記 29:33
# To follow the procedure of the peace offering Lev. 7:11
# NotThe toKohanim must not eat the meat ofoutside minorthe sacrifices before sprinkling theTemple bloodcourtyard Deut.申命記 12:17
# A non-Kohen must not eat sacrificial meat 出エジプト記 29:33
# To bring meal offerings as prescribed in the Torah Lev. 2:1
# NotTo tofollow putthe oilprocedure onof the meal offerings ofpeace wrongdoersoffering Lev.レビ記 57:11
# Not to eat the meat of minor sacrifices before sprinkling the blood 申命記 12:17
# Not to put frankincense on the meal offerings of wrongdoers Lev. 3:11
# NotTo tobring eatmeal theofferings mealas offeringprescribed ofin the High PriestTorah Lev.レビ記 62:161
# Not to bakeput aoil on the meal offeringofferings asof leavenedwrongdoers bread Lev.レビ記 65:1011
# TheNot Kohanimto mustput eatfrankincense the remains ofon the meal offerings Lev.of wrongdoers レビ記 63:911
# Not to eat the meal offering of the High Priest レビ記 6:16
# To bring all avowed and freewill offerings to the Temple on the first subsequent festival Deut. 12:5-6
# Not to withholdbake paymenta incurredmeal byoffering anyas vowleavened Deut.bread 23レビ記 6:2210
# The Kohanim must eat the remains of the meal offerings レビ記 6:9
# To offer all sacrifices in the Temple Deut. 12:11
# To bring all sacrificesavowed fromand outsidefreewill Israelofferings to the Temple Deut.on the first subsequent festival 申命記 12:265-6
# Not to slaughterwithhold sacrificespayment outsideincurred theby courtyardany vow Lev.申命記 1723:422
# Not toTo offer anyall sacrifices outsidein the courtyardTemple Deut.申命記 12:1311
# To bring all sacrifices from outside Israel to the Temple 申命記 12:26
# To offer two lambs every day Num. 28:3
# Not to slaughter sacrifices outside the courtyard レビ記 17:4
# To light a fire on the altar every day Lev. 6:6
# Not to offer any sacrifices outside the courtyard 申命記 12:13
# Not to extinguish this fire Lev. 6:6
# To removeoffer thetwo ashes from the altarlambs every day Lev.民数記 628:3
# To light a fire on the altar every day レビ記 6:6
# Not to extinguish this fire レビ記 6:6
# To remove the ashes from the altar every day レビ記 6:3
# To burn incense every day Ex 30:7
# To light the [[Menorah]] every day Ex.出エジプト記 27:21
# The Kohen Gadol must bring a meal offering every day Lev.レビ記 6:13
# To bring two additional lambs as burnt offerings on Shabbat Num 28:9
# To make the show bread Ex.出エジプト記 25:30
# To bring additional offerings on the [[New Month]] ("Rosh Chodesh") Num.民数記 28:11
# To bring additional offerings on [[Passover]] Num.民数記 28:19
# To offer the wave offering from the meal of the new wheat Lev.レビ記 23:10
# Each man must count the [[Omer]] - seven weeks from the day the new wheat offering was brought Lev.レビ記 23:15
# To bring additional offerings on [[Shavuot]] Num.民数記 28:26
# To bring two leaves to accompany the above sacrifice Lev.レビ記 23:17
# To bring additional offerings on [[Rosh Hashana]] Num.民数記 29:2
# To bring additional offerings on [[Yom Kippur]] Num.民数記 29:8
# To bring additional offerings on [[Sukkot]] Num.民数記 29:13
# To bring additional offerings on [[Shmini Atzeret]] Num.民数記 29:35
# Not to eat sacrifices which have become unfit or blemished Deut.申命記 14.3
# Not to eat from sacrifices offered with improper intentions Lev.レビ記 7:18
# Not to leave sacrifices past the time allowed for eating them Lev.レビ記 22:30
# Not to eat from that which was left over Lev.レビ記 19:8
# Not to eat from sacrifices which became impure Lev.レビ記 7:19
# An impure person must not eat from sacrifices Lev.レビ記 7:20
# To burn the leftover sacrifices Lev.レビ記 7:17
# To burn all impure sacrifices Lev.レビ記 7:19
# To follow the procedure of Yom Kippur in the sequence prescribed in Parshat "Acharei Mot" (After the death of Aaron's sons...) Lev.レビ記 16:3
# One who [[profaned]] property must repay what he profaned plus a fifth and bring a sacrifice Lev.レビ記 5:16
# Not to work [[consecrated]] animals Deut.申命記 15:19
# Not to shear the fleece of consecrated animals Deut.申命記 15:19
# To slaughter the paschal sacrifice at the specified time Ex.出エジプト記 12:6
# Not to slaughter it while in possession of leaven Ex.出エジプト記 23:18
# Not to leave the fat overnight Ex.出エジプト記 23:18
# To slaughter the second [[Paschal Lamb]] Num.民数記 9:11
# To eat the Paschal Lamb with matzah and Marror on the night of the ?th of Nissan Ex.出エジプト記 12:8
# To eat the second Paschal Lamb on the night of the 15th of Iyar Num.民数記9:11
# Not to eat the paschal meat raw or boiled Ex.出エジプト記 12:9
# Not to take the paschal meat from the confines of the group Ex.出エジプト記 12:46
# An [[apostate]] must not eat from it Ex.出エジプト記12:43
# A permanent or temporary hired worker must not eat from it Ex.出エジプト記 12:45
# An uncircumcised male must not eat from it Ex.出エジプト記 12:48
# Not to break any bones from the paschal offering Ex.出エジプト記 12:46
# Not to break any bones from the second paschal offering Num.民数記 9:12
# Not to leave any meat from the paschal offering over until morning Ex.出エジプト記 12:10
# Not to leave the second paschal meat over until morning Num.民数記 9:12
# Not to leave the meat of the holiday offering of the 14th until the 16th Deut.申命記 16:4
# To be seen at the Temple on Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot Deut.申命記 16:16
# To celebrate on these three Festivals (bring a peace offering) Ex.出エジプト記 23:14
# To rejoice on these three Festivals (bring a peace offering) Deut.申命記 16:14
# Not to appear at the Temple without offerings Deut.申命記 16:16
# Not to refrain from rejoicing with, and giving gifts to, the Levites Deut.申命記 12:19
# To assemble all the people on the Sukkot following the seventh year Deut.申命記 31:12
# To set aside the firstborn animals Ex.出エジプト記 13:12
# The Kohanim must not eat unblemished firstborn animals outside Jerusalem Deut.申命記 12:17
# Not to redeem the firstborn Num.民数記 18:17
# Separate the tithe from animals Lev.レビ記 27:32
# Not to redeem the tithe Lev.レビ記 27:33
# Every person must bring a sin offering for his transgression Lev.レビ記 4:27
# Bring an asham talui when uncertain of guilt Lev.レビ記 5:17-18
# Bring an asham vadai when guilt is ascertained Lev.レビ記 5:25
# Bring an oleh v'yored offering (if the person is wealthy, an animal; if poor, a bird or meal offering) Lev.レビ記 5:7-11
# The Sanhedrin must bring an offering when it rules in error Lev.レビ記 4:13
# A woman who had a running issue must bring an offering after she goes to the Mikveh Lev.レビ記 15:28-29
# A woman who gave birth must bring an offering after she goes to the Mikveh Lev.レビ記 12:6
# A man who had a running issue must bring an offering after he goes to the Mikveh Lev.レビ記 15:13-14
# A metzora must bring an offering after going to the [[Mikveh]] Lev.レビ記 14:10
# Not to substitute another beast for one set apart for sacrifice Lev.レビ記 27:10
# The new animal, in addition to the substituted one, retains consecration Lev.レビ記 27:10
# Not to change consecrated animals from one type of offering to another Lev.レビ記 27:26
# Carry out the laws of impurity of the dead Num.民数記 19:14
# Carry out the procedure of the [[Red Heifer]] ("Para Aduma") Num.民数記 19:2
# Carry out the laws of the sprinkling water Num.民数記 19:21
# Rule the laws of human tzara'at (" [[Leprosy]] ")as prescribed in the Torah Lev.レビ記 13:12
# The metzora (" [[leper]] ")must not remove his signs of impurity Deut.申命記 24:8
# The metzora must not shave signs of impurity in his hair Lev.レビ記 13:33
# The metzora must publicize his condition by tearing his garments, allowing his hair to grow and covering his lips Lev.レビ記 13:45
# Carry out the prescribed rules for purifying the metzora Lev.レビ記 14:2
# The metzora must shave off all his hair prior to purification Lev.レビ記 14:9
# Carry out the laws of tzara'at of clothing Lev.レビ記 13:47
# Carry out the laws of tzara'at of houses Lev.レビ記 13:34
# Observe the laws of menstrual impurity Lev.レビ記 15:19
# Observe the laws of impurity caused by [[childbirth]] Lev.レビ記 12:2
# Observe the laws of impurity caused by a woman's running issue Lev.レビ記 15:25
# Observe the laws of impurity caused by a man's running issue ( irregular[[ejaculation]] of infected [[semen]] ) Lev.レビ記 15:3
# Observe the laws of impurity caused by a dead beast Lev.レビ記 11:39
# Observe the laws of impurity caused by the eight shratzim - [[Insects]] Lev.レビ記 11:29
# Observe the laws of impurity of a seminal emission ( regular ejaculation, with normal semen) Lev.レビ記 15:16
# Observe the laws of impurity concerning liquid and solid foods Lev.レビ記 11:34
# Every impure person must immerse himself in a Mikveh to become pure Lev.レビ記 15:16
# The court must judge the [[damages]] incurred by a goring ox Ex.出エジプト記 21:28
# The court must judge the damages incurred by an animal eating Ex.出エジプト記 22:4
# The court must judge the damages incurred by a pit Ex.出エジプト記 21:33
# The court must judge the damages incurred by fire Ex.出エジプト記 22:5
# Not to steal money stealthily Lev.レビ記 19:11
# The [[court]] must implement punitive measures against the thief Ex.出エジプト記 21:37
# Each individual must ensure that his scales and weights are accurate Lev.レビ記 19:36
# Not to commit injustice with [[scales]] and [[weights]] Lev.レビ記 19:35
# Not to possess inaccurate scales and weights even if they are not for use Deut.申命記 25:13
# Not to move a boundary marker to steal someone's property Deut.申命記 19:14
# Not to kidnap Ex.出エジプト記 20:13
# Not to rob openly Lev.レビ記 19:13
# Not to withhold wages or fail to repay a debt Lev.レビ記 19:13
# Not to covet and scheme to acquire another's possession Ex.出エジプト記 20:14
# Not to desire another's possession Deut.申命記 5:18
# Return the robbed object or its value Lev.レビ記 5:23
# Not to ignore a lost object Deut.申命記 22:3
# Return the lost object Deut.申命記 22:1
# The court must implement laws against the one who assaults another or damages another's property Ex.出エジプト記 21:18
# Not to murder Ex.出エジプト記 20:13
# Not to accept monetary restitution to atone for the murderer Num.民数記 35:31
# The court must send the accidental murderer to a city of refuge Num.民数記 35:25
# Not to accept monetary restitution instead of being sent to a city of refuge Num.民数記 35:32
# Not to kill the murderer before he stands trial Num.民数記 35:12
# Save someone being pursued even by taking the life of the pursuer Deut.申命記 25112
# Not to pity the pursuer Num.民数記 35:12
# Not to stand idly by if someone's life is in danger Lev.レビ記 19:16
# Designate cities of refuge and prepare routes of access Deut.申命記 19:3
# Break the neck of a calf by the river valley following an unsolved murder Deut.申命記 21:4
# Not to work nor plant that river valley Deut.申命記 21:4
# Not to allow pitfalls and obstacles to remain on your property Deut.申命記 22:8
# Make a guard rail around flat roofs Deut.申命記 22:8
# Not to put a stumbling block before a blind man (nor give harmful advice) ([[Lifnei iver]]) Lev.レビ記 19:14
# Help another remove the load from a beast which can no longer carry it Ex.出エジプト記 23:5
# Help others load their beast Deut.申命記 22:4
# Not to leave others distraught with their burdens (but to help either load or unload) Deut.申命記 22:4
# Buy and sell according to Torah law Lev.レビ記 25:14
# Not to overcharge or underpay for an article Lev.レビ記 25:14
# Not to insult or harm anybody with words Lev.レビ記 25:17
# Not to cheat a sincere convert monetarily Ex.出エジプト記 22:20
# Not to insult or harm a sincere convert with words Ex.出エジプト記 22:20
# Purchase a Hebrew slave in accordance with the prescribed laws Ex.出エジプト記 21:2
# Not to sell him as a slave is sold Lev.レビ記 25:42
# Not to work him oppressively Lev.レビ記 25:43
# Not to allow a non-Jew to work him oppressively Lev.レビ記 25:53
# Not to have him do menial slave labor Lev.レビ記 25;39
# Give him gifts when he goes free Deut.申命記 15:14
# Not to send him away empty-handed Deut.申命記 15:13
# Redeem Jewish maidservants Ex.出エジプト記 21:8
# Betroth the Jewish maidservant Ex.出エジプト記 21:8
# The master must not sell his maidservant Ex.出エジプト記 21:8
# [[Canaanite]] slaves must work forever unless injured in one of their limbs Lev.レビ記 25:46
# Not to extradite a slave who fled to (Biblical) Israel Deut.申命記 23:16
# Not to wrong a slave who has come to Israel for refuge Deut.申命記 23:16
# The courts must carry out the laws of a hired worker and hired guard Ex.出エジプト記 22:9
# Pay wages on the day they were earned Deut.申命記 24:15
# Not to delay payment of wages past the agreed time Lev.レビ記 19:13
# The hired worker may eat from the unharvested crops where he works Deut.申命記 23:25
# The worker must not eat while on hired time Deut.申命記 23:26
# The worker must not take more than he can eat Deut.申命記 23:25
# Not to muzzle an ox while plowing Deut.申命記 25:4
# The courts must carry out the laws of a borrower Ex.出エジプト記 22:13
# The courts must carry out the laws of an unpaid guard Ex.出エジプト記 22:6
# Lend to the poor and destitute Ex.出エジプト記 22:24
# Not to press them for payment if you know they don't have it Ex.出エジプト記 22:24
# Press the idolater for payment Deut.申命記 15:3
# The creditor must not forcibly take collateral Deut.申命記 24:10
# Return the collateral to the debtor when needed Deut.申命記 24:13
# Not to delay its return when needed Deut.申命記 24:12
# Not to demand collateral from a widow Deut.申命記 24:17
# Not to demand as collateral utensils needed for preparing food Deut.申命記 24:6
# Not to lend with interest Lev.レビ記25:37
# Not to borrow with interest Deut.申命記 23:20
# Not to intermediate in an interest loan, guarantee, witness, or write the promissory note Ex.出エジプト記 22:24
# Lend to and borrow from idolaters with interest Deut.申命記 23:21
# The courts must carry out the laws of the plaintiff, admitter, or denier Ex.出エジプト記 22:8
# Carry out the laws of the order of inheritance Num.民数記 27:8
# Appoint judges Deut.申命記 16:18
# Not to appoint judges who are not familiar with judicial procedure Deut.申命記 1:17
# Decide by majority in case of disagreement Ex.出エジプト記 23:2
# The court must not execute through a majority of one; at least a majority of two is required Ex.出エジプト記 23:2
# A judge who presented an acquittal plea must not present an argument for conviction in capital cases Deut.申命記 23:2
# The courts must carry out the death penalty of stoning Deut.申命記 22:24
# The courts must carry out the death penalty of burning Lev.レビ記 20:14
# The courts must carry out the death penalty of the sword Ex.出エジプト記 21:20
# The courts must carry out the death penalty of strangulation Lev.レビ記 20:10
# The courts must hang those stoned for blasphemy or idolatry Deut.申命記 21:22
# Bury the executed on the day they are killed Deut.申命記21:23
# Not to delay burial overnight Deut.申命記 21:23
# The court must not let the sorcerer live Ex.出エジプト記 22:17
# The court must give lashes to the wrongdoer Ex.出エジプト記 25:2
# The court must not exceed the prescribed number of lashes Deut.申命記 25:3
# The court must not kill anybody on circumstantial evidence Ex.出エジプト記 23:7
# The court must not punish anybody who was forced to do a crime Deut.申命記 22:26
# A judge must not pity the murderer or assaulter at the trial Deut.申命記 19:13
# A judge must not have mercy on the poor man at the trial Lev.レビ記 19:15
# A judge must not respect the great man at the trial Lev.レビ記 19:15
# A judge must not decide unjustly the case of the habitual transgressor Ex.出エジプト記 23;6
# A judge must not pervert justice Lev.レビ記 19:15
# A judge must not pervert a case involving a convert or orphan Deut.申命記 24:17
# Judge righteously Lev.レビ記 19:15
# The judge must not fear a violent man in judgment Deut.申命記 1:17
# Judges must not accept bribes Ex.出エジプト記 23:8
# Judges must not accept testimony unless both parties are present Ex.出エジプト記 23:1
# Not to curse judges Ex.出エジプト記 22:27
# Not to curse the head of state or leader of the Sanhedrin Ex.出エジプト記 22:27
# Not to curse any upstanding Jew Lev.レビ記 19:14
# Anybody who knows evidence must testify in court Lev.レビ記 5:1
# Carefully interrogate the witness Deut.申命記 13:15
# A witness must not serve as a judge in capital crimes Deut.申命記 19:17
# Not to accept testimony from a lone witness Deut.申命記 19:15
# Transgressors must not testify Ex.出エジプト記 23:1
# Relatives of the litigants must not testify Deut.申命記 24:16
# Not to testify falsely Ex.出エジプト記 20:13
# Punish the false witnesses as they tried to punish the defendant Deut.申命記 19:19
# Act according to the ruling of the Sanhedrin Deut.申命記 17:11
# Not to deviate from the word of the Sanhedrin Deut.申命記 17:11
# Not to add to the Torah commandments or their oral explanations Deut.申命記 13:1
# Not to diminish from the Torah any commandments, in whole or in part Deut.申命記 13:1
# Not to curse your father and mother Ex.出エジプト記 21:17
# Not to strike your father and mother Ex.出エジプト記 21:15
# Respect your father or mother Ex.出エジプト記 20:12
# Fear your father or mother Lev.レビ記 19:3
# Not to be a rebellious son Deut.申命記 21:18
# Mourn for relatives Lev.レビ記 10:19
# The High Priest must not defile himself for any relative Lev.レビ記 21:11
# The High Priest must not enter under the same roof as a corpse Lev.レビ記 21:11
# A Kohen must not defile himself for anyone except relatives Lev.レビ記 21:1
# Appoint a king from Israel Deut.申命記 17:15
# Not to appoint a convert Deut.申命記 17:15
# The king must not have too many wives Deut.申命記 17:17
# The king must not have too many horses Deut.申命記 17:16
# The king must not have too much silver and gold Deut.申命記 17:17
# Destroy the seven Canaanite nations Deut.申命記 20:17
# Not to let any of them remain alive Deut.申命記 20:16
# Wipe out the descendants of [[Amalek]] Deut.申命記 25:19
# Remember what Amalek did to the Jewish people Deut.申命記 25:17
# Not to forget Amalek's atrocities and ambush on our journey from Egypt in the desert Deut.申命記 25:19
# Not to dwell permanently in Egypt Deut.申命記 17:16
# Offer peace terms to the inhabitants of a city while holding siege, and treat them according to the Torah if they accept the terms Deut.申命記 20:10
# Not to offer peace to [[Ammon]] and [[Moab]] while besieging them Deut.申命記 23:7
# Not to destroy fruit trees even during the siege Deut.申命記 20:19
# Prepare latrines outside the camps Deut.申命記 23:13
# Prepare a shovel for each soldier to dig with Deut.申命記 23:14
# Appoint a priest to speak with the soldiers during the war Deut.申命記 20:2
# He who has taken a wife, built a new home, or planted a vineyard is given a year to rejoice with his possessions Deut.申命記 24:5
# Not to demand from the above any involvement, communal or military Deut.申命記 24:5
# Not to panic and retreat during battle Deut.申命記 20:3
# Keep the laws of the captive woman Deut.申命記 21:11
# Not to sell her into slavery Deut.申命記 21:14
# Not to retain her for servitude after having relations with her Deut.申命記 21:14
 
----
ここに含まれてないミツワーには、「[[寄留者]]が共に住んでいるなら、虐げてはならない…あなたたちも[[エジプト]]においては寄留者であったからである」(レビ記 19:33-34)などがあげられるだろう。
 
 
聖書と[[ラビ]]・[[ラビ文学]]に乗っ取り行動することが、ユダヤ人の基本的な理想的行いであり、義務でもある。
 
なお、申命記 27:15-16に、11の倫理義務があげられ、[[アーメン]]と唱えることが書かれているが、これらを冒瀆した者は、神ではなく、[[モーセ]]とイスラエルによって「呪われたもの」と宣言されることになっている。
つまり、トーラーの全て、つまり、613のミツワーを初めとした全てを守らねば呪われる、などという考えは、聖書にも、ユダヤ教にも見当たらない。
[[パウロ]]の誤った解釈からとんでもない誤解(「[[原罪]]」「律法の呪い」など)が生じているが、これは「[[新約]]の嘘」の一つである。
 
== 関連項目 ==
* [[ハラーハー]] [[:en:Halakhah|Halakhah]]
* [[トーラー]]
* [[十戒]]
* [[ノアの法]]([[ノアの子らの法]]) [[:en:Law of Noah|Law of Noah]]
* [[食餌規定 (ユダヤ教)]]、[[適正食品]] (ここでの基礎は[[創世記]]、[[出エジプト記]]、[[レビ記]]、[[申命記]])
** [[ユダヤ人の食文化]][[ユダヤ教徒の食文化|<sup>*</sup>]]
 
== 外部リンク ==
* [http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/mahshevt/hamitsvot/shaar-2.htm Sepher hamMitzwoth leRambam ラムバムのセーフェル・ハンミツウォート(ヘブライ語フルテキスト)]
* [http://www.allnerdsandgeeks.com/index.613Mitzvoth.html The 613 Commandments]
 
[[Category:ユダヤ教]]
[[Category:旧約聖書]]
[[Category:翻訳中]]
 
[[en:613 mitzvot]]