「ファイアウォール (物理学)」の版間の差分

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Enyokoyama (会話 | 投稿記録)
Enyokoyama (会話 | 投稿記録)
→‎ヘッドラインを改訂: AMPS以前に提唱されていたFirewallの議論をめぐって
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'''ブラックホールファイアウォール'''(black hole firewall)は、[[ブラックホール]]へ落ち込む観測者が[[事象の地平線]]で(もしくは近くで)高エネルギーな量子(quanta)の壁に出くわすのではないかという仮想的な現象である。「ファイアウォール」現象は2012年に、アルムヘイリ(Almheiri)、{{仮リンク|ドナルド・マロルフ|en|Donald Marolf}}(Donald Marolf)、{{仮リンク|ジョゼフ・ポルチンスキー|en|Joseph Polchinski}}(Joseph Polchinski)、サリー(Sully)<ref>A. Almheiri, D. Marolf, J. Polchinski, and J. Sully (2012). "Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls?," arXiv:1207.3123 [http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.3123]</ref> により{{仮リンク|ブラックホール相補性|en|black hole complementarity}}(black hole complementarity)と一見、不整合性をもって現れることのでき持つように見える解として提示された。提案は、2012年の論文の筆者の頭文字をとって、 "AMPS" ファイアウォールと名付けられた。ブラックホールの事象の地平線でファイアウォールが現れることについては、これに先立つこと、11年前に{{仮リンク|フリードワルド・ウィンターバーグ|en|Friedwardt Winterberg}}(Friedwardt Winterberg)により提案された。<ref>{{citeBorun journal|last=Winterberg|first=Friedwardt|title=Gamma-RayD. BurstersChowdhury and LorentzianAndrea Relativity|journal=ZPuhm, "Decoherence and the fate of an infalling wave packet: Is Alice burning or fuzzing?", [http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.063509 Naturforsch|date=2001Phys. AugRev. 29|volume=56a|pages=889–892}}D 88, 063509 (2013)]</ref> この不整合を解消するためにファイアウォールを使うことは、2013年なっても高エネルギー物理学者の間で論争なっている<ref name="nature/Fire in the hole">Astrophysics: Fire in the hole! http://www.nature.com/news/astrophysics-fire-in-the-hole-1.12726</ref>。前と同じ著者による別な論文 <ref>Ahmed Almheiri, Donald Marolf, Joseph Polchinski, Douglas Stanford, and James Sully, "An Apologia for Firewalls", [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2013)018 JHEP 09 (2013) 018]</ref> で、同じ考え方が過去にも提案されてきたと主張した<ref>G. Chapline, E. Hohlfeld, R. B. Laughlin and D. I. Santiago, "Quantum phase transitions and the breakdown of classical general relativity," [http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X03016380 Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 18, 3587 (2003)]</ref><ref>P. O. Mazur and E. Mottola, \Gravitational condensate stars: An alternative to black holes," [http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0109035 http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0109035]</ref><ref name="winterberg">F. Winterberg, "Gamma Ray Bursters and Lorentzian Relativity," [http://www.znaturforsch.com/aa/v56a/56a0889.pdf Z. Naturforsch. 56A (2001) 889-892.]</ref><ref>A. Davidson, "Holographic Shell Model: Stack Data Structure inside Black Holes," [http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.2650 http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.2650]</ref><ref>A. Giveon and N. Itzhaki, "String Theory Versus Black Hole Complementarity," [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2012)094 JHEP 1212, 094 (2012)]</ref>。これらの中でも、ウィンタバーグの提案は重要であると主張した。
 
<!---A '''black hole firewall''' is a hypothetical phenomenon where an observer that falls into an old [[black hole]] encounters high-energy [[quantum|quanta]] at (or near) the [[event horizon]]. The "firewall" phenomenon was proposed in 2012 by Almheiri, [[Donald Marolf|Marolf]], [[Joseph Polchinski|Polchinski]], and Sully<ref>A. Almheiri, D. Marolf, J. Polchinski, and J. Sully (2012). "Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls?," arXiv:1207.3123 [http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.3123]</ref> as a possible solution to an apparent inconsistency in [[black hole complementarity]]. The proposal is often referred to as the "AMPS" firewall, an acronym for the names of the authors of the 2012 paper. The occurrence of a firewall at the event horizon of a black hole was proposed by [[Friedwardt Winterberg]] 11 years earlier.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Winterberg|first=Friedwardt|title=Gamma-Ray Bursters and Lorentzian Relativity|journal=Z. Naturforsch|date=2001 Aug 29|volume=56a|pages=889–892}}</ref> The use of a firewall to resolve this inconsistency remains controversial as of 2013, with high-energy physicists divided as to the solution to the paradox.<ref name="nature/Fire in the hole">Astrophysics: Fire in the hole! http://www.nature.com/news/astrophysics-fire-in-the-hole-1.12726</ref>-->
<!---A '''black hole firewall''' is a hypothetical phenomenon where an observer that falls into an old [[black hole]] encounters high-energy [[quantum|quanta]] at (or near) the [[event horizon]]. The "firewall" phenomenon was proposed in 2012 by Almheiri, [[Donald Marolf|Marolf]], [[Joseph Polchinski|Polchinski]], and Sully<ref>A. Almheiri, D. Marolf, J. Polchinski, and J. Sully, "Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls?," [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2013)062 JHEP 02 (2013) 062]</ref> as a possible solution to an apparent inconsistency in [[black hole complementarity]]. The proposal is sometimes referred to as the AMPS firewall,<ref>Borun D. Chowdhury and Andrea Puhm, "Decoherence and the fate of an infalling wave packet: Is Alice burning or fuzzing?", [http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.88.063509 Phys. Rev. D 88, 063509 (2013)]</ref> an acronym for the names of the authors of the 2012 paper. The use of a firewall to resolve this inconsistency remains controversial as of 2013, with high-energy physicists divided as to the solution to the paradox.<ref name="nature/Fire in the hole">Astrophysics: Fire in the hole! http://www.nature.com/news/astrophysics-fire-in-the-hole-1.12726</ref> In another article<ref>Ahmed Almheiri, Donald Marolf, Joseph Polchinski, Douglas Stanford, and James Sully, "An Apologia for Firewalls", [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2013)018 JHEP 09 (2013) 018]</ref> these same authors claimed similar concepts have been proposed in the past.<ref>G. Chapline, E. Hohlfeld, R. B. Laughlin and D. I. Santiago, "Quantum phase transitions and the breakdown of classical general relativity," [http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X03016380 Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 18, 3587 (2003)]</ref><ref>P. O. Mazur and E. Mottola, \Gravitational condensate stars: An alternative to black holes," [http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0109035 http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0109035]</ref><ref name="winterberg">F. Winterberg, "Gamma Ray Bursters and Lorentzian Relativity," [http://www.znaturforsch.com/aa/v56a/56a0889.pdf Z. Naturforsch. 56A (2001) 889-892.]</ref><ref>A. Davidson, "Holographic Shell Model: Stack Data Structure inside Black Holes," [http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.2650 http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.2650]</ref><ref>A. Giveon and N. Itzhaki, "String Theory Versus Black Hole Complementarity," [http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2012)094 JHEP 1212, 094 (2012)]</ref> Of these Winterberg's proposal<ref name="winterberg"/> has priority.</ref>-->
 
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