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'''成立'''
1916年、[[イースター蜂起]]に参加していた国家主義の反逆者たちは、共和国の公言を発布した。この公言により反逆者たちは"アイルランド共和国"と呼ばれする一つの独立した国を設立するために主張した。 By this declaration they claimed to establish an independent state called the "Irish Republic" and proclaimed that the leaders of the rebellion would serve as the "そして、イースター蜂起の指導者たちは、人々が国の議会において選挙することが可能になるまでアイルランド共和国の臨時政府として務めることを公言した。イースター蜂起は大部分を[[Provisional Government of the Irish Republicダブリン]]" until it became possible to elect a national parliament. The Easter Rising was short-lived, largely limited to [[Dublin]] and, at the time it occurred, enjoyed little support from the Irish general public.にしており、その蜂起に対し、アイルランド市民の少ない支持を享受した。
イースター蜂起の指導者たちは共和制を公言した。アーサー・グリフィスのシンフェイン党組織は、アイルランドとイギリスの間の二つの君主制の形に尽力し、蜂起には参加しなかった。1917年、グリフィスと[[エイモン・デ・ヴァレラ]]のもとの共和制主義者たちは、新しいシンフェイン党という形で一緒なった。一緒になることは、1917年のアイルランドの政党の協議会で決まった。協議会で、その党はアイルランドの人々が好む政治の形を決める機会を与えることができるまで短期間において独立した共和国の設立を実行するだろうということから賛成であった。この協定は、もしアイルランドの人々が共和制を選んだとすると英国貴族は誰も君主として誘われないだろうという状況に左右されやすいものだった。
The leaders of the Easter Rising had proclaimed a republic. [[Arthur Griffith]]'s Sinn Féin organisation, which had favoured the establishment of a form of dual monarchy between Ireland and Britain, had not taken part in the Rising. In 1917, Griffith's Sinn Féin and republicans under [[Éamon de Valera]], came together to form the new Sinn Féin Party. A compromise was reached at the 1917 [[Ard Fheis]] (party conference), where it was agreed that the party would pursue the establishment of an independent republic in the short-term, until the Irish people could be given the opportunity to decide on the form of government they preferred. This agreement was subject to the condition that if the people chose monarchy, no member of the British royal family would be invited to serve as monarch.
In the [[Irish general election, 1918|1918 general election]], candidates of the radical [[Sinn Féin]] party{{spaced ndash}}including many who had participated in the 年の一般選挙で多くの1916 rebellion{{spaced ndash}}issued a 年の蜂起に参加した者も含む[[Sinn Féin Manifesto 1918|Manifestoシン・フェイン党]] which included: "Sinn Féin aims at securing the establishment of that Republic".の急進派の候補者たちは、「シンフェイン党は、共和国の設立を確実にすることを狙いにしている。」という内容も含むマニフェストを発行した。 It also said it would boycott the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|British Parliament]] and instead unilaterally establish a new Irish assembly in [[Dublin]]. Sinn Féin candidates won a large majority of seats, 73 out of 105, 25 uncontested. On 21 January 1919, 27 of them gathered in the [[Mansion House, Dublin|Mansion House]] in Dublin to establish [[Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)|Dáil Éireann]]. Thirty-five other members were recorded as being ''fé ghlas ag Gallaibh'' (imprisoned by the foreign enemy) and another four as ''ar díbirt ag Gallaibh'' (deported by the foreign enemy). Thirty-seven other MPs were recorded as not being present (''as láthair''), these were mainly from the northern six counties that would later form [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>[http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/D/DT/D.F.O.191901210004.html Roll call of the first sitting of the First Dáil]</ref> At this meeting the Dáil adopted the [[Declaration of Independence (Ireland)|Irish Declaration of Independence]]. Because of the Easter Proclamation of 1916, the Dáil retrospectively established the Irish Republic from Easter 1916.
On the same day as the Declaration of Independence was issued, two members of the [[Royal Irish Constabulary]] (RIC) escorting a cartload of [[gelignite]] were killed in the [[County Tipperary|Tipperary]] [[Soloheadbeg Ambush]], carried out by members of the [[3rd Tipperary Brigade]], [[Irish Volunteers]], led by [[Dan Breen]] and [[Seán Treacy (Irish Republican)|Seán Treacy]]. This ambush had not been ordered by the Dáil but the course of events soon drove the Dáil to recognise the Volunteers as the army of the Irish Republic, and so the Soloheadbeg incident became the opening incident of the undeclared [[Anglo-Irish War]] between the Volunteers and Great Britain.
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