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===== 常染色体マッチの解釈 =====
多くの会社は顧客に、何cMを共有しているか、そしていくつのセグメントにまたがるかを示す。cMとセグメント数からは2人の個人の間の血縁関係が推定できるが、DNA継承のランダムな性質のため、推定結果はおおよその目安に過ぎない。これは遠い関係ほど顕著である。より離れたいとことはマッチすらしない。
このデータに対しては様々な高度な技術と分析が可能になっている。In-common/Shared Matches、<ref>{{Cite news|title=How to Use AncestryDNA Shared Matches - Family Tree|newspaper=Family Tree|date=2015-12-03|last=Combs-Bennett|first=Shannon|url=https://www.familytreemagazine.com/premium/ancestry-dna-shared-matches-tutorial/|accessdate=2018-04-30|language=en-US|work=Family Tree}}</ref> 染色体ブラウザ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.researchjournal.yourislandroutes.com/2018/03/myheritage-dna-ups-its-game-with-updated-chromosome-browser/|title=MyHeritage DNA Ups Its Game with Updated Chromosome Browser|accessdate=2018-04-30|last=Lassalle|first=Melody|date=2018-03-15|website=Genealogy Research Journal}}</ref> 、Triangulation(三角測量)<ref>{{Cite news|title=Triple Play: Triangulating Your DNA Matches - Family Tree|newspaper=Family Tree|date=2017-06-19|last=Southard|first=Diahan|url=https://www.familytreemagazine.com/premium/triple-play-dna-matches-triangulation/|accessdate=2018-04-30|language=en-US|work=Family Tree}}</ref>など。 これらの分析は血縁関係を論証・反証するためDNA鑑定を行うときにも必要となることがある。
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Common concerns about genealogical DNA testing are cost and privacy issues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/13/dna-detectives-seek-origins-of-you/2420071/|title=DNA detectives seek origins of you|last=Vergano|first=Dan|date=2013-06-13|publisher=USA Today|access-date=2016-07-05}}</ref> Some testing companies<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dna-explained.com/2015/12/30/23andme-ancestry-and-selling-your-dna-information/|title=23andMe, Ancestry and Selling Your DNA Information|last=Estes|first=Roberta|date=2015-12-30|website=DNAeXplained – Genetic Genealogy|access-date=2016-07-05}}</ref> retain samples and results for their own use without a privacy agreement with subjects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/23andme-is-terrifying-but-not-for-the-reasons-the-fda-thinks/|title=23andMe Is Terrifying, but Not for the Reasons the FDA Thinks; The genetic-testing company's real goal is to hoard your personal data|last=Seife|first=Charles|date=2013-11-27|publisher=Scientific American|access-date=2016-07-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wallace SE, Gourna EG, Nikolova V, Sheehan NA | title = Family tree and ancestry inference: is there a need for a 'generational' consent? | journal = BMC Medical Ethics | volume = 16 | issue = 1 | page = 87 | date = December 2015 | pmid = 26645273 | pmc = 4673846 | doi = 10.1186/s12910-015-0080-2 | url = https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12910-015-0080-2 }}</ref>
Autosomal DNA tests can identify relationships with good accuracy out to about 2nd cousin,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/mace-lab/debunking/understanding-testing|title=Understanding genetic ancestry testing|accessdate=2018-6-13|website=www.ucl.ac.uk}}</ref> but they have limitations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/9912822/DNA-ancestry-tests-branded-meaningless.html|title=DNA ancestry tests branded 'meaningless'|last=Collins|first=Nick|date=2013-03-17|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=2016-07-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2013/feb/25/viking-ancestors-astrology|title=To claim someone has 'Viking ancestors' is no better than astrology|last=Thomas|first=Mark|date=2013-02-25|website=The Guardian|access-date=2016-07-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/testing/ancestrytesting|title=What is genetic ancestry testing?|last=Reference|first=|date=2016-11-22|website=Genetics Home Reference|publisher=U.S National Library of Medicine|access-date=2016-11-24}}</ref> In particular, transplants of stem cell or bone marrow will produce matches with the donor. In addition, identical twins (who have identical DNA) will share higher amounts of DNA with a greater range of relatives.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legalgenealogist.com/2017/10/01/dna-doesnt-lie/|title=DNA doesn't lie!|accessdate=2018-6-13|date=1 October 2017
Testing of the Y-DNA lineage from father to son may reveal complications, due to unusual mutations, secret adoptions, and false paternity (i.e., that the perceived father in a generation is not the father indicated by written birth records).
With the increasing popularity of the use of DNA tests for ethnicity tests, uncertainties and errors in ethnicity estimates are a drawback for Genetic genealogy. While ethnicity estimates at the continental level should be accurate (with the possible exception of East Asia and the Americas), sub-continental estimates, especially in Europe, are often inaccurate. Customers may be misinformed about the uncertainties and errors of the estimates.<ref>[https://dna-explained.com/2017/01/11/concepts-calculating-ethnicity-percentages/#comments Concepts – Calculating Ethnicity Percentages, ''DNA Explained'']</ref>
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A number of law enforcement agencies attempted to coerce
genetic genealogy companies that store customer's data into giving up information on their customers who could match [[cold case]] crime victims<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/08/jane-doe-murder-ancestry/536916/|title=Solving a Murder Mystery With Ancestry Websites|
==Medical information==
Though genealogical DNA test results in general have no informative medical value and are not intended to determine genetic diseases or disorders, a correlation exists between a lack of [[List of Y-STR markers#DYS464|DYS464]] markers and [[infertility]], and between [[Haplogroup H (mtDNA)|mtDNA haplogroup H]] and protection from [[sepsis]]. Certain haplogroups have been linked to longevity in some population groups.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = De Benedictis G, Rose G, Carrieri G, De Luca M, Falcone E, Passarino G, Bonafe M, Monti D, Baggio G, Bertolini S, Mari D, Mattace R, Franceschi C | title = Mitochondrial DNA inherited variants are associated with successful aging and longevity in humans| journal = FASEB Journal | volume = 13 | issue = 12 | pages = 1532–36 | date = September 1999 | pmid = 10463944 | doi=10.1096/fasebj.13.12.1532}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/5200703.pdf?origin=ppub|title=European Journal of Human Genetics (2001) 9, pp 701±707|
The testing of full mtDNA sequences is still somewhat controversial as it may reveal medical information. The field of linkage disequilibrium, unequal association of genetic disorders with a certain mitochondrial lineage, is in its infancy, but those mitochondrial mutations that have been linked are searchable in the genome database Mitomap.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mitomap.org |title=Mitomap |publisher=Mitomap |date= |accessdate=2011-06-15}}</ref> Family Tree DNA's MtFull Sequence test analyses the full MtDNA genome<ref name=":3" /> and the National Human Genome Research Institute operates the Genetic And Rare Disease Information Center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.genome.gov/10000409 |title=Genetic And Rare Disease Information Center (GARD) |work=Genome.gov |date=22 March 2011 |accessdate=2011-06-15}}</ref> that can assist consumers in identifying an appropriate [[Genetic testing|screening test]] and help locate a nearby medical center that offers such a test.
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