「国務大官」の版間の差分
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|[[海軍本部 (イギリス)|アドミラルティ（海軍本部）]]の長であり、現在は君主や王族の名誉職。1709年以降1827年まで空席で、1828年以降は1964年に[[エリザベス2世]]女王が就任するまで空席であった。
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==スコットランド==
The term "officer of state" is sometimes used loosely of any great office under the Crown. As in England, many offices are [[hereditary]]. A number of historical offices ended at or soon after the [[Treaty of Union 1707]]. There are also a number of Officers of the Crown and Great Officers of the Royal Household.
===Officers of State===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Order !! Officers of State !! Notes<ref name="Chamberlayne & Chamberlayne 1718, p. 396">
{{cite book|ref=harv |last1=Chamberlayne |first1=Edward |last2=Chamberlayne |first2=John |year=1718 |title=Magnae Britanniae notitia, or, The present state of Great-Britain: with divers remarks upon the ancient state thereof |publisher=Printed for T. Godwin |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=mlg2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA396 396]}}</ref><ref name="juridicial_review">{{cite journal|title=The Officers of State in Scotland|journal=Juridical Review|date=1911–1912|volume=23|pages=152-170|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jure23&start_page=152&collection=journals&id=153|accessdate=22 April 2017}}</ref> || Current
|-
! colspan=4 |Greater Officers
|-
| 1
| [[Lord Chancellor of Scotland|Lord High Chancellor]]
|
| Merged with Lord High Chancellor of England
|-
| 2
| [[Treasurer of Scotland|Lord High Treasurer]]
|
| Merged with Lord High Treasurer of England
|-
| 3
| [[Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland|Lord Privy Seal]]
|
| ''Vacant since 1922''
|-
| 4
| [[Secretary of State (Kingdom of Scotland)|Lord Secretary]]
|
| Abolished
|-
! colspan=4|Lesser Officers
|-
| 5
| [[Lord Clerk Register]]
|
| [[James Mackay, Baron Mackay of Clashfern|The Lord Mackay of Clashfern]]
|-
| 6
| [[Lord Advocate]]
|
| [[James Wolffe]], QC
|-
| 7
| [[Treasurer-depute]]
|
| Abolished
|-
| 8
| [[Lord Justice Clerk]]
|
| [[Leeona Dorrian, Lady Dorrian|Lady Dorrian]]
|-
! colspan=4 | joined
|-
| || [[Comptroller of Scotland|Comptroller]] || Lord High Treasurer
|rowspan=2| see other officer
|-
| || [[List of Masters of Requests#Masters of Requests (Scotland)|Master of the Requests]] || Lord Secretary
|}
These Officers of State were also called "Officers of the Crown" despite there being a separate group of officers so named that are not officers of state.<ref name="Chamberlayne & Chamberlayne 1718, p. 396"/>
===Officers of the Crown===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Order !! Officers of the Crown<ref>{{harvnb|Chamberlayne|Chamberlayne|1718|p=399}}.</ref> !! note !! current
|-
| 1
| [[Privy Council of Scotland#Lord President of the Council of Scotland|Lord President of the Council]]
| Privy Council abolished, 1708
| N/A
|-
| 2
| [[Lord High Chamberlain of Scotland|Lord High Chamberlain]]
| Resigned to the Crown, 1703
| N/A
|-
| 3 || [[Lord High Steward of Scotland|Lord High Steward]]
| joined with Lord Steward & later the Crown
| N/A
|-
| 4 || [[Lord High Constable of Scotland|Lord High Constable]] || Extant || [[Merlin Hay, 24th Earl of Erroll|The Earl of Erroll]]
|-
| 5 || [[Knight Marischal]]
| vacant since 1863
| N/A
|-
| 6 || [[Earl Marischal]]
| forfeit 1715
| N/A
|}
These officers were unlike the officers of state and did not sit or vote in meetings.<ref name="Chamberlayne & Chamberlayne 1718, p. 396"/>
===History===
After the abolition of the [[Mayor of the Palace]], France established seven officers of the crown (ordered by rank): the [[Constable of France|high constable]], the [[Admiral of France|high admiral]], the [[Lord Chancellor of France|high or great chancellor]], the great justiciar, the [[Grand Chamberlain of France|great chamberlain]], the great [[Prothonotary|protonotary]], and the [[Steward (office)|great steward]] or [[seneschal]]. These offices were duplicated in the [[Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]] and Scotland. By the time of King Malcolm II, the great protonotary was extinct and the great justiciar was replaced by the lord justice general.<ref>Walter Goodal (1872). [https://archive.org/stream/TransactionsOfTheRoyalHistoricalSociety1872VolI1stSeries/Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Historical%20Society%201872%20Vol%20I%201st%20Series#page/n423/mode/2up A Short Account of the Officers of State, and other Great Officers in Scotland]. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1, pp 415–426. doi:10.1017/S008044010000075X.</ref>
The post of High Constable is held by the [[Earl of Erroll|Earls of Erroll]]. Originally, the heads of the Keith family held the office of Earl Marischal, but in 1716, the holder was attainted for treason, and the office has not been regranted. The [[Duke of Argyll|Dukes of Argyll]] are the Hereditary Masters of the Household. All other officers are Crown appointees. Many of these offices, though originally associated with political power, are only [[ceremonial]] now.
The remaining officers are related to Scotland's [[judiciary]]. The [[Lord Justice General]] was originally an important [[nobility|noble]], though in the 19th century, the office was combined with that of [[Lord President of the Court of Session]]. Now, the Lord Justice General is the head of Scotland's judiciary. The Lord Clerk Register is an officer with miscellaneous functions that included conducting the elections of [[Peers and Parliament|representative peer]]s and registering births and deaths. The [[Lord Advocate]] is at the head of the law offices of Scotland; all [[prosecutor]]s act in his name. The Lord Justice Clerk serves as a deputy of the Lord Justice General. Finally, the Lord Lyon King of Arms is the sole judge in the [[Lyon Court]], which determines cases relating to [[heraldry]].
Previous to the [[Act of Union 1707|Union of 1707]] there were eight total officers of state, four great officers and four lesser officers. This limited by an act of parliament, such that the 2 officers of state, Comptroller and Master of the Requests, were merged with Lord High Treasurer and Lord Secretary respectively.<ref>{{harvnb|Chamberlayne|Chamberlayne|1718|loc=Chapter V. pp. 400-401}}.</ref> The greater officers were the [[Lord Chancellor of Scotland|Lord High Chancellor]], [[Treasurer of Scotland|Lord High Treasurer]], [[Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland|Lord Privy Seal]], the [[Secretary of State, Scotland|Lord Secretary]]. The lesser officers were the [[Lord Clerk Register|Lord Register]], the [[Lord Advocate]], the [[Treasurer-depute|Lord Treasurer-depute]], and the [[Lord Justice Clerk]] with the Lord Register the only one fixed in precedency.<ref name="Chamberlayne & Chamberlayne 1718, p. 396"/>
A number of offices ended at or soon after the Union of 1707. These include the High Chancellor, the High Treasurer, the [[Treasurer-depute of Scotland]], the [[Secretary of State, Scotland|Secretary of State]], Scotland, the [[List of Masters of Requests#Masters of Requests (Scotland)|Master of Requests]] and the [[Privy Council of Scotland|President of the Privy Council]].
== 関連項目 ==
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