「スペインかぜ」の版間の差分
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{{参照方法|date=2009年5月}}
{{Infobox pandemic
| name = スペインかぜ
| image = Emergency hospital during Influenza epidemic, Camp Funston, Kansas - NCP 1603.jpg
| alt = Soldiers from Fort Riley, Kansas, ill with Spanish flu at a hospital ward at Camp Funston
| caption = 病棟で治療を受けるスペインかぜに罹患した{{仮リンク|フォート・ ライリー|en|Fort RIley}}陸軍基地（カンザス州）の兵士
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| disease = [[インフルエンザ]]
| virus_strain = [[H1N1亜型|H1N1]]
| location = 世界中
| first_reported = [[アメリカ合衆国]]
| first_outbreak = 不明
| first_case =
| date = 1918年1月 – 1920年12月
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| confirmed_cases = 5億人（推計）<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Taubenberger JK, Morens DM | title = 1918 Influenza: the mother of all pandemics | journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 15–22 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16494711 | pmc = 3291398 | doi = 10.3201/eid1201.050979 | ref = harv | df = dmy }}</ref>
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| deaths = 1700–5000万人（推計）
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{{flu|expanded=pandemics}}
[[画像:CDC Pandemic severity index.png|450px|thumb|PSIカテゴリー<ref name=HHS>[[Department of Health & Human Services]], (2007) [http://www.pandemicflu.gov/plan/community/community_mitigation.pdf Interim Pre-Pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation in the United States— Early, Targeted, Layered Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions] (Full Text of the Initial Report outlining PSI), [[Centers for Disease Control]], USA</ref>]]
'''スペインかぜ'''は、'''1918年パンデミック'''とも呼ばれ、極めて多くの死者を出した[[インフルエンザ]]による[[パンデミック]]の俗称である。1918年1月から1920年12月まで世界中で5億人が感染した{{sfn|Taubenberger|Morens|2006}}とされ、これは当時の世界人口の4分の1程度に相当する。その中には[[太平洋]]の孤島や[[北極圏]]の人々も含まれた。死者数は1700万人<ref name="Spreeuwenberg2">{{cite journal|last1=P. Spreeuwenberg|date=Dec 1, 2018|title=Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.|journal=[[American Journal of Epidemiology]]|volume=187|issue=12|pages=2561–2567|doi=10.1093/aje/kwy191|pmid=30202996|display-authors=etal}}</ref>から5000万人との推計が多く、1億人に達した可能性も指摘されるなど人類史上最悪の感染症の1つである<ref>{{cite journal|last1=World Health|first1=Organization.|date=9 December 2005|title=Ten things you need to know about pandemic influenza (update of 14 October 2005).|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/232955/WER8049_50_428-431.PDF|journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record (Relevé Épidémiologique Hebdomadaire)|volume=80|issue=49–50|pages=428–431|pmid=16372665}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jilani|first1=TN|last2=Jamil|first2=RT|last3=Siddiqui|first3=AH|date=14 December 2019|title=H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513241/|pmid=30020613}}</ref>。アメリカ合衆国ではパンデミックの最初の年に平均寿命が約12歳低下した<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.flu.gov/pandemic/history/1918/life_in_1918/health/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026180557/http://www.flu.gov/pandemic/history/1918/life_in_1918/health/index.html|archive-date=2016-10-26|title=The Nation's Health|publisher=[[U.S. Department of Health & Human Services]]|website=flu.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2016-03-31|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ourworldindata.org/data/population-growth-vital-statistics/life-expectancy/|title=Life Expectancy|website=[[Our World in Data]]|access-date=2016-03-31|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331014445/http://ourworldindata.org/data/population-growth-vital-statistics/life-expectancy/|archive-date=31 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://demog.berkeley.edu/~andrew/1918/figure2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030608114504/http://www.demog.berkeley.edu/~andrew/1918/figure2.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2003-06-08|title=Life expectancy in the USA, 1900–1998|website=demog.berkeley.edu|access-date=2016-03-31|df=dmy-all}}</ref>。
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