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事件はジャクソン政権全体に動揺を広げ、最終的に1人を除くすべての閣僚の辞任につながった。[[マーティン・ヴァン・ビューレン]]は大統領になる機会を得た一方で、ジョン・カルフーンが大統領志望の全国的な政治家から南部州の地域的な政治家に変容するきっかけにもなった。
 
 
== 背景 ==
マーガレット「ペギー」イートンは[[ホワイトハウス]]から少し離れたところにあり、政治家や軍人に人気の有名な交流の場、[[ワシントンD.C.]]の下宿屋兼居酒屋「フランクリンハウス」を経営するウィリアム・オニールの長女だった。ペギーは[[フランス語]]を学び、ピアノを上手に弾き、その時代の女性としては十分な教育を受けていた<ref name="historynet">{{Cite web|url=http://www.historynet.com/andrew-jackson-the-petticoat-affair-scandal-in-jackons-white-house.htm/4|title=Andrew Jackson: The Petticoat Affair, Scandal in Jackson's White House|work=HistoryNet.com|language=英語|accessdate=2020-08-17}}</ref>。のちに[[アメリカ合衆国郵政長官|郵政長官]]を務めた[[ウィリアム・テイラー・バリー]]は「しょっちゅうピアノを弾き、心地よい歌で私たちを楽しませてくれる」「魅力的な女の子」と書いている{{sfn|Marszalek|2000|p=1835}}。若い女の子ゆえに、男性がよく出入りするバーで働き、下宿屋の顧客と何気ないおしゃべりをする彼女には、厳しい視線が注がれるようになっていった。ペギーは長い年月が経過した後に、「私はまだ{{仮リンク|パンタレッツ|en|Pantalettes}}を履き、他の女の子と一緒に[[輪回し]]をしていましたが、年齢問わず男性の注目の的となりました。少女をうぬぼれさせるのに十分でした。」と回想している<ref name="One Woman">{{cite journal | jstor=3124447| title=One Woman so Dangerous to Public Morals | author=Wood, Kristen E. | journal=Journal of the Early Republic | date=March 1, 1997 |volume=17 | issue=2 | pages=237–275 | doi=10.2307/3124447}}</ref>。
 
Peggy was well-educated for a woman of that era – she studied French and was known for her ability to play the piano.<ref name=historynet>[http://www.historynet.com/andrew-jackson-the-petticoat-affair-scandal-in-jackons-white-house.htm/4 "Andrew Jackson: The Petticoat Affair, Scandal in Jackson's White House"], History Net, accessed August 4, 2009.</ref> [[William T. Barry]], who later served as [[United States Postmaster General|Postmaster General]], wrote "of a charming little girl ... who very frequently plays the piano, and entertains us with agreeable songs."{{sfn|Marszalek|2000|p=1835}} As a young girl, her reputation had already begun to come under scrutiny, due to being employed in a bar frequented by men as well as her casual bantering with the boarding house's clientele. In her elder years, Peggy reminisced, "While I was still in [[pantalettes]] and [[hoop rolling|rolling hoops]] with other girls, I had the attention of men, young and old; enough to turn a girl's head."<ref name="One Woman">{{cite journal | jstor=3124447| title=One Woman so Dangerous to Public Morals | author=Wood, Kristen E. | journal=Journal of the Early Republic | date=March 1, 1997 |volume=17 | issue=2 | pages=237–275 | doi=10.2307/3124447}}</ref>
 
When Peggy was 15 years old, her father intervened to prevent her attempt to elope with an Army officer.<ref>{{cite book |last=Watson |first=Robert P. |date=2012 |title=Affairs of State: The Untold History of Presidential Love, Sex, and Scandal, 1789-1900 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A6LRVg0kn28C&pg=PA192 |location=Lanham, MD |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=192 |isbn=978-1-4422-1834-5}}</ref> In 1816, the now-17-year old married [[John B. Timberlake]] (1777–1828), a [[purser]] in the [[United States Navy]].<ref name="The Long">{{cite journal | title=The Long Agony Is Nearly Over | author=Jr, Royce McCrary and S. D. Ingham | journal=Historical Society of Pennsylvania | date=April 1, 1976}}</ref> Timberlake, aged 39, had a reputation as a drunkard and was heavily in debt.<ref name="The Long" /> The Timberlakes became acquainted with [[John Eaton (politician)|John Eaton]] in 1818.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gerson |first=Noel Bertram |date=1974 |title=That Eaton Woman: In Defense of Peggy O'Neale Eaton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3crAQAAIAAJ&q=%22john+eaton%22+%22friendly%22+%22timberlake%22&dq=%22john+eaton%22+%22friendly%22+%22timberlake%22 |location=Barre, MA |publisher=Barre Publishing |page=25}}</ref> At the time, Eaton was a wealthy 28-year-old widower and newly elected U.S. Senator from Tennessee, despite not yet having reached the constitutionally-mandated minimum age of 30.<ref>{{cite book |last=Baker |first=Richard A. |date=2006 |title=200 Notable Days: Senate Stories, 1787 to 2002 |url=https://archive.org/details/200notabledaysse0000bake |url-access=registration |location=Washington, DC |publisher=US Government Printing Office |page=[https://archive.org/details/200notabledaysse0000bake/page/41 41] |isbn=978-0-16-076331-1}}</ref> He was also a long-time friend of [[Andrew Jackson]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Belohlavek |first=John M. |date=2016 |title=Andrew Jackson: Principle and Prejudice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKJTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA65 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Routledge |page=65 |isbn=978-0-415-84485-7}}</ref> ▼
 
▲When Peggy was ペギーが15 years old, her father intervened to prevent her attempt to elope with an Army officer.歳のとき、彼女の父親は[[アメリカ陸軍|陸軍]]将校との駆け落ちを阻止した<ref>{{cite book |last=Watson |first=Robert P. |date=2012 |title=Affairs of State: The Untold History of Presidential Love, Sex, and Scandal, 1789-1900 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A6LRVg0kn28C&pg=PA192 |location=Lanham, MD |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=192 |isbn=978-1-4422-1834-5}}</ref> In 。17歳になる1816, the now-17-year old married 年に、[[アメリカ海軍|海軍]]将校の{{仮リンク|ジョン・B・ティンバーレイク|en|John B. Timberlake]]}} (1777–1828), a [[purser]] in the [[United States Navy]].と結婚した<ref name="The Long">{{cite journal | title=The Long Agony Is Nearly Over | author=Jr, Royce McCrary and S. D. Ingham | journal=Historical Society of Pennsylvania | date=April 1, 1976}}</ref> Timberlake, aged 。39, had a reputation as a drunkard and was heavily in debt.歳のティンバーレイクは大酒飲みで、借金が山ほどあることで有名だった<ref name="The Long" /> The Timberlakes became acquainted with 。ティンバーレイク夫妻は1818年に[[John Eaton (politician)|John Eatonジョン・ヘンリー・イートン]] in 1818.と知り合いになった<ref>{{cite book |last=Gerson |first=Noel Bertram |date=1974 |title=That Eaton Woman: In Defense of Peggy O'Neale Eaton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3crAQAAIAAJ&q=%22john+eaton%22+%22friendly%22+%22timberlake%22&dq=%22john+eaton%22+%22friendly%22+%22timberlake%22 |location=Barre, MA |publisher=Barre Publishing |page=25}}</ref> At the time, Eaton was a wealthy 。当時、イートンは28-year-old widower and newly elected U.S. Senator from Tennessee, despite not yet having reached the constitutionally-mandated minimum age of 歳の裕福な男やもめであり、[[アメリカ合衆国憲法|合衆国憲法]]で規定されている最低年齢の30.歳にまだ達していないにもかかわらず、[[テネシー州]]から新たに選出された[[アメリカ合衆国上院|連邦上院]]議員だった<ref>{{cite book |last=Baker |first=Richard A. |date=2006 |title=200 Notable Days: Senate Stories, 1787 to 2002 |url=https://archive.org/details/200notabledaysse0000bake |url-access=registration |location=Washington, DC |publisher=US Government Printing Office |page=[https://archive.org/details/200notabledaysse0000bake/page/41 41] |isbn=978-0-16-076331-1}}</ref> He was also a long-time friend of 。彼はまた、[[Andrew Jacksonアンドリュー・ジャクソン]].の長年の友人でもあった<ref>{{cite book |last=Belohlavek |first=John M. |date=2016 |title=Andrew Jackson: Principle and Prejudice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QKJTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA65 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Routledge |page=65 |isbn=978-0-415-84485-7}}</ref>。ティンバーレイクがイートンに自身の金銭トラブルを話したため、イートンはティンバーレイクが海軍任務中に作った借金の支払いを承認するための立法案を上院で通過させようとしたが、失敗した。結局、イートンはティンバーレイクの借金を支払い、彼にアメリカ海軍の{{仮リンク|地中海艦隊 (アメリカ合衆国)|en|Mediterranean Squadron (United States)|label=地中海艦隊}}の高収入の任務を世話することになった。ティンバーレイクは地中海艦隊で勤務中の1828年4月2日に亡くなった。ワシントンでは、ティンバーレイクがイートンとペギーの浮気が原因で絶望して自殺したのではないかといううわさが流れた<ref name="The Long" />。検死官はティンバーレイクは肺疾患が原因の[[肺炎]]で亡くなったとの結論を出した<ref name="historynet" />。
Once Timberlake told Eaton of his financial troubles, Eaton unsuccessfully attempted to have the Senate pass legislation that would authorize payment of the debts Timberlake had accrued during his Naval service. Eventually, Eaton paid Timberlake's debts, and procured him a lucrative posting to the U.S. Navy's [[Mediterranean Squadron (United States)|Mediterranean Squadron]]; many [[Rumormonger|rumormongers]] asserted that Eaton aided Timberlake as a means to remove him from Washington, in order for Eaton to socialize with Peggy. While with the Mediterranean Squadron, Timberlake died on April 2, 1828. This served to fuel new rumors throughout Washington, suggesting he had taken his own life, as the result of Eaton's supposed affair with Peggy.<ref name="The Long" /> Medical examiners concluded Timberlake had died of [[pneumonia]], brought on by [[pulmonary disease]].<ref name="historynet" />
 
== 論議 ==
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Jackson's sympathy for the Eatons stemmed in part from his late wife Rachel being the subject of innuendo during the presidential campaign, when questions arose as to whether her first marriage had been legally ended before she married Jackson. Jackson believed these attacks were the cause of Rachel's death on December 22, 1828, several weeks after his election to the presidency.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gripsrud |first=Jostein |date=2010 |title=Relocating Television: Television in the Digital Context |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k84q2Ems18MC&pg=PA202 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Routledge |page=202 |isbn=978-0-415-56452-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mattes |first1=Kyle |last2=Redlawsk |first2=David P. |date=2014 |title=The Positive Case for Negative Campaigning |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tkUZBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA74 |location=Chicago, IL |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=74 |isbn=978-0-226-20202-0}}</ref>
 
Eaton's entry into a high-profile cabinet post helped intensify the opposition of Mrs. Calhoun's group. In addition, Calhoun was becoming the focal point of opposition to Jackson; Calhoun's supporters opposed a second term for Jackson because they wanted Calhoun elected president. In addition, Jackson favored and Calhoun opposed the protective tariff that came to be known as the [[Tariff of Abominations]]. U.S. tariffs on imported goods generally favored northern industries by limiting competition, but southerners opposed them because the tariffs raised the price of finished goods, but not the raw materials produced in the south. The dispute over the tariff led to the [[Nullification Crisis]] of 1832, with southerners - including Calhoun - arguing that states could refuse to obey federal laws to which they objected, even to the point of secession from the Union, while Jackson vowed to prevent secession and preserve the Union at any cost. Because Calhoun was the most visible opponent of the Jackson administration, Jackson felt that Calhoun and other anti-Jackson officials were fanning the flames of the Peggy Eaton controversy in an attempt to gain political leverage.<ref name="historynet" /> [[Duff Green]], a Calhoun protégé and editor of the ''United States Telegraph,'' accused Eaton of secretly working to have pro-Calhoun cabinet members [[Samuel D. Ingham]] (Treasury) and [[John Branch]] (Navy) removed from their positions.{{sfn|Snelling|1831|p=194}}
 
Eaton took his revenge on Calhoun. In 1830, reports had emerged which accurately stated that Calhoun, while [[United States Secretary of War|Secretary of War]], had favored censuring Jackson for his 1818 invasion of Florida. These reports infuriated Jackson.{{sfn|Cheathem|2008|p=29}} Calhoun asked Eaton to approach Jackson about the possibility of Calhoun publishing his correspondence with Jackson at the time of the Seminole War. Eaton did nothing. This caused Calhoun to believe that Jackson had approved the publication of the letters.{{sfn|Remini|1981|pp=306-307}} Calhoun published them in the ''Telegraph.''<ref name="John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President (1825–1832)">{{cite web |url= https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_John_Calhoun.htm |title= John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President (1825–1832) |publisher= United States Senate |access-date= May 7, 2016}}</ref> Their publication gave the appearance of Calhoun trying to justify himself against a conspiracy, which further enraged the President.{{sfn|Remini|1981|pp=306-307}}
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