Chinese language version of "Map of Han foreign relations in CE 2"

Introduction

This map shows the world as was known to Han Dynasty China in CE 2. Names of non-Chinese peoples and states have been purposely left with their Chinese names (e.g. Dayuan instead of Fergana; Gaogouli instead of Goguryeo) to reflect the fact that our knowledge of participants in the Han world order comes almost exclusively from Chinese sources.

Credits

• Chinese Version of Image:Han foreign relations CE 2.jpg.
• Created and copyright (2005) by Yu Ninjie.
• Released under the GNU FDL.

Territorial garrisons

The headquarters of chief commandants (都尉) are shown in yellow. Chief commandants commanded territorial garrisons and were responsible for the supression of local armed threats and supervision of recruitment for military service. Note that these were concentrated on the frontiers, especially on the northern border region. When in the interior of the Han empire, they were often placed near iron or salt industries, or on important communication routes. A few dependent states (屬國) are shown in green. These were usually mixed settlements of Chinese and Xiongnu or more commonly, Qiang, under Han administration.

The Great Wall

During most of the Western Han period, the Great Wall served as a line of demarcation between Han and non-Chinese peoples, most notable of whom were the Xiongnu. The line of the Great Wall was extended by Emperor Wu along the Gansu corridor (the commanderies based at Dunhuang, Lufu, Lude and Guzang). This, along with walls north of the great loop of the Yellow River (beyond Wuyuan), provided the front line defences against the Xiongnu. A second line was maintained along the old Qin wall (the one that passes close to Fushi and Didao), which was important even into the 1st century CE.

Both the lines of the Great Wall and Yellow River are based on Tan Qixiang (ed.), Zhongguo lishi ditu (中国历史地图集), 1982. Note that the Yellow River is considerably to the north of its present flow.

Routes of communication

The broad outline of communication and transport routes from the capital Chang'an is marked in white. These were based on Qin Dynasty imperial highways, Han roads (such as the Chang'an-Anyi-Taiyuan-Yu road) and navigable riverways (such as the Chenliu and Shouchun river routes). The long road, often known as the Silk Road, extended west from Chang'an to the "Western Regions".

These are based in part on the reconstruction of early Chinese roads and waterways by Joseph Needham in Science and Civilisation, Vol. IV, 1954-, and the additions of Rafe de Crespigny in Generals of the South, 1992. The northern and southern routes of the Silk Road in the Western Regions is based on Map 16 in Cambridge History of China, vol. 1, 1986.

The Western Regions

From the end of the 2nd century CE, Han China fought with the Xiongnu over control of the "Western Regions". By the time that they established the office of Protector General of the Western Regions (at Wulei) in 60 BCE or 59 BCE, the entire region was dominated by the Chinese. Tributary city-states, in light orange, sent periodic tribute to Chang'an and were rewarded by the Han court.

License and Source

この文書は、フリーソフトウェア財団発行のGNUフリー文書利用許諾書 (GNU Free Documentation License) 1.2またはそれ以降のバージョンの規約に基づき、複製や再配布、改変が許可されます。不可変更部分、表紙、背表紙はありません。このライセンスの複製は、GNUフリー文書利用許諾書という章に含まれています。http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.htmlGFDLGNU Free Documentation Licensetruetrue

	このファイルはクリエイティブ・コモンズ 表示-継承 3.0 非移植ライセンスのもとに利用を許諾されています。
	あなたは以下の条件に従う場合に限り、自由に 共有 – 本作品を複製、頒布、展示、実演できます。 再構成 – 二次的著作物を作成できます。 あなたの従うべき条件は以下の通りです。 表示 – あなたは適切なクレジットを表示し、ライセンスへのリンクを提供し、変更があったらその旨を示さなければなりません。これらは合理的であればどのような方法で行っても構いませんが、許諾者があなたやあなたの利用行為を支持していると示唆するような方法は除きます。 継承 – もしあなたがこの作品をリミックスしたり、改変したり、加工した場合には、あなたはあなたの貢献部分を元の作品とこれと同一または互換性があるライセンスの下に頒布しなければなりません。
	このライセンスのテンプレートは、GFDLのライセンス・アップデートによりこのファイルに追加されたものです。http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/CC BY-SA 3.0Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0truetrue

Source

Chinese Wikipedia, original upload 2005年4月7日 (木) by Yu Ninjie

キャプション

日本語

このファイルの内容を1行で記述してください

このファイルに描写されている項目

題材

著作権の状況

著作権で保護

利用許諾

CC BY-SA 3.0 非移植

GNU Free Documentation Licenseバージョン1.2かそれ以降