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*[[カルタゴ]]
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'''Hamilcar Barca''' (about [[270 BC|270]] - [[228 BC]]), or '''Barcas''' ([[Canaanite languages|Canaanite]] ''baraq'' "lightning"), was a [[Carthage|Carthaginian]] general and statesman, father of [[Hannibal]].
He distinguished himself during the [[First Punic War]] in [[247 BC|247]], when he took over the chief command in [[Sicily]] at a time when the island was almost completely in the hands of the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]]. Landing suddenly on the north-west of the island with a small mercenary force he seized a strong position on Mt. Erote (Monte Pellegrino, near [[Palermo]]), and not only maintained himself against all attacks, but carried his raids as far as the coast of south [[Italy]].
In [[244 BC|244]] he transferred his army to a similar position on the slopes of Mt. Eryx (Monte San Giuliano), from which he was able to lend support to the besieged garrison in the neighbouring town of Drepanum (Trapani). By a provision of the peace of [[241 BC|241]] Hamilcar's unbeaten force was allowed to depart from Sicily without any token of submission.
On returning to Africa his troops, which had been kept together only by his personal authority and by the promise of good pay, broke out into open mutiny when their rewards were withheld by Hamilcar's opponents among the governing aristocracy. The serious danger into which Carthage was brought by the failure of the aristocratic generals was averted by Hamilcar, whom the government in this crisis could not but reinstate. By the power of his personal influence among the mercenaries and the surrounding African peoples, and by superior strategy, he speedily crushed the revolt ([[237 BC|237]]).
After this success Hamilcar enjoyed such influence among the popular and patriotic party that his opponents could not prevent him being raised to a virtual dictatorship. After recruiting and training a new army in some [[Numidia]]n forays he led on his own responsibility an expedition into Spain ([[236 BC|236]]), where he hoped to gain a new empire to compensate Carthage for the loss of Sicily and [[Sardinia]], and to serve as a base for a campaign of vengeance against the Romans.
In eight years by force of arms and diplomacy he secured an extensive territory in Spain, but his premature death in battle ([[228 BC|228]]) prevented him from completing the conquest. Hamilcar stood out far above the Carthaginians of his age in military and diplomatic skill and in strength of patriotism; in these qualities he was surpassed only by his son [[Hannibal]], whom he had imbued with his own deep hatred of [[Roman Republic|Rome]] and trained to be his successor in the conflict.
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This Hamilcar has been confused with another general who succeeded to the command of the Carthaginians in the First Punic War, and after successes at [[Therma]] and [[battle of Drepana|Drepanum]] was defeated at [[battle of Cape Ecnomus|Ecnomus]] ([[256 BC]]). Subsequently, apart from unskillful operations against [[Marcus Atilius Regulus|Regulus]], nothing is certainly known of him. So far as the name itself is concerned, Milcar is perhaps the same as ''Mel karth'', the [[Tyre|Tyrian]] god.
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[[Category:Ancient Roman enemies and allies]]
[[Category:Carthaginians]]
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[[Category:フェニキア]]
[[Category:カルタゴ]]
[[Category:ポエニ戦争]]
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