「ケンペロール」の版間の差分

いくつかの[[疫学]]的研究で、ケンペロールを含む食品の摂取とがん、心血管疾患といったいくつかの疾患の発生リスクの低減に正の相関が見られている。おびただしい数の前臨床研究で、ケンペロールといくつかのケンペロール配糖体が抗酸化、抗炎症、抗微生物、抗がん、心保護、神経保護、抗糖尿病、抗骨粗鬆症、エストロゲン/抗エストロゲン作用、抗不安、鎮痛、抗アレルギー活性を持つことが示されている<ref name="minirevmedchem1">{{cite journal|author= Calderon-Montaño JM, Burgos-Moron E, Perez-Guerrero C, Lopez-Lazaro M. |title= A review on the dietary flavonoid kaempferol.|journal=Mini. Rev. Med. Chem.|year=2011|pmid=21428901|volume=11|issue=4|pages=298–344|doi= 10.2174/138955711795305335|url=http://personal.us.es/mlopezlazaro/2011.%20MRMC.%20Kaempferol.pdf }}</ref>。

[[ケンペリトリン]]および[[アストラガリン]]といった多くのケンペロール配糖体が、天然物として植物から単離されている。茶やブロッコリーに含まれるケンペロールの摂取は心臓病のリスクの低減と関連している<ref name="minirevmedchem1"/>。類縁体の[[ナリンゲニン]]も例えばグレープフルーツには同時に含まれている。

Kaempferol has been identified in many edible plants. It has been found in Allium ampeloprasum (leek), Allium cepa (onion), Allium schoenoprasum (chives), Amaranthus lividus (amaranth), Angelica keiskei (ashitaba), Armoracia rusticana (horseradish), Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon), Atriplex hortensis (orach), Brassica campestris (Chinese cabbage), Brassica juncea (mustard), Brassica napobrassica (rutabagas), Brassica oleracea (broccoli, brussels sprouts, green cabbage and kale), Brassica rapa (turnip greens), Bunias orientalis (Turkish rocket), Camellia sinensis (tea), Capparis spinosa (capers), Celosia argentea (feather cockscomb), Cichorium endivia (endive), Citrus paradisi (grapefruit), Cnidoscolus aconitifolius and C. chayamansa(tree spinach), Coccinia grandis (ivy gourd), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), Cucurbita maxima (squash), Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster bean), Diplotaxis erucoides (wall rocket), Diplotaxis tenuifolia (wild rocket), Eruca sativa (rocket-salad), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Fragaria vesca (strawberry), Houttuynia cordata (fishwort), Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lepidium sativum (cress), Levisticum officinale (lovage), Lycium barbarum and L. chinense (goji berries), Malus domestica (apple), Momordica cochinchinensis (gac), Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry), Nasturtium officinale (watercress), Olea europaea (olive oil), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Phaseolus vulgaris (green beans), Pistacia vera (pistachio), Prunus persica (peach), Raphanus sativus (radishes), Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberries), Rubís fruticosus (blackberries), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Sambucus nigra (elderberry), Sauropus androgynus (star gooseberry), Sesbania grandiflora (sesbania), Solanum lycopersicum (tomatoes), Solanum nigrum (nightshade), Solanum tuberosum (potatoes), Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Vaccinium erythrocarpum, V. acrocarpon, V. microcarpum and V. oxycoccos (cranberries), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (cowberries), Vicia faba (broadbeans) Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), Vitis rotundifolia (muscadine grapes) and Vitis vinífera (grapes).<ref name="minirevmedchem1"/>

Kaempferol has been identified in many plant species commonly used in traditional medicine. It has been found in Acacia nilotica, Adansonia digitata, Albizia lebbeck, Aloe vera, Amburana cearensis, Ammi majus, Angelica keiskei, Ardisia japonica, Bauhinia forficata, Bauhinia microstachya, Bunium persicum, Capparis spinosa, Cassia alata, Centella asiatica, Chromolaena odorata, Cissus sicyoides, Coccinia grandis, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Crocus sativus, Cynanchum acutum, Cynanchum chinense, Dicliptera chinensis, Equisetum arvense, Euphorbia pekinensis, Ficaria verna, Foeniculum vulgare, Galega officinalis, Ginkgo biloba, Glycine max, Grindelia robusta, Gymnema sylvestre, Helleborus niger, Hippophae rhamnoides, Houttuynia cordata, Hypericum perforatum, Impatiens balsamina, Lamium album, Laurus nobilis, Lonicera japonica, Lycium barbarum, Lycium chinense, Lysimachia vulgaris, Malva parviflora, Peumus boldus, Phyllanthus emblica, Ribes nigrum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Sambucus nigra, Sanguisorba minor, Siraitia grosvenori, Solanum nigrum, Solenostemma argel, Solidago virgaaurea, Sutherlandia frutescens, Symphytum officinale, Syzygium aromaticum, Tilia americana, Toona sinensis, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Tropaeolum majus, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Warburgia ugandensis and Wedelia trilobata.<ref name="minirevmedchem1"/>

Kaempferol is also present in ''[[Kaempferia galanga]]''<ref>Mustafa RA. Abdul Hamid A. Mohamed S. Bakar FA. "Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and radical scavenging activity of 21 selected tropical plants". '' Journal of Food Science.'' 75(1):C28-35, 2010 Jan-Feb.</ref> and ''Opuntia ficus-indica'' var. saboten.<ref>{{cite journal | pmid = 17980473 | year = 2008 | last1 = Ncibi | first1 = S | last2 = Ben Othman | first2 = M | last3 = Akacha | first3 = A | last4 = Krifi | first4 = MN | last5 = Zourgui | first5 = L | title = Opuntia ficus indica extract protects against chlorpyrifos-induced damage on mice liver | volume = 46 | issue = 2 | pages = 797–802 | doi = 10.1016/j.fct.2007.08.047 | journal = Food and chemical toxicology }}</ref><ref>Jang YJ. Kim J. Shim J. Kim J. Byun S. Oak MH. Lee KW. Lee HJ.,"Kaempferol attenuates 4-hydroxynonenal-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by directly inhibiting NADPH oxidase". '' Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics.'' 337(3):747-54, 2011 Jun.</ref>

| journal= The Journal of Pharmacology

| first1 =Kyle A. | last1 = Rasbach

| first2 = Rick G. | last2 = Schnellman

| first2 = R.F. | last2 = Zurawski