「ヴィシュヌ」の版間の差分

バーガヴァタ・プラーナではヴィシュヌのアヴァターラは無数に存在すると語られているが、中でも10のアヴァターラ、すなわちダシャーヴァターラは重要なものとして特に信仰されている<ref name="Matchett" /><ref name="Bryant">{{Cite book| last=Bryant| first=Edwin Francis|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook| publisher=[[オックスフォード大学出版局|Oxford University Press]] US| year=2007| page=18 | isbn=978-0-19-514891-6| url=https://books.google.com/?id=0z02cZe8PU8C&pg=PT32}}</ref>。ヴィシュヌの10の重要なアヴァターラは{{仮リンク|アグニ・プラーナ|en|Agni Purana}}、{{仮リンク|ガルダ・プラーナ|en|Garuda Purana}}バーガヴァタ・プラーナに語られており<ref name="Mishra">{{Cite book|last=Mishra|first=Vibhuti Bhushan|title=Religious beliefs and practices of North India during the early mediaeval period, Volume 1|publisher=BRILL|year=1973|pages=4–5|isbn=978-90-04-03610-9|url=https://books.google.com/?id=nAQ4AAAAIAAJ }}</ref><ref name="Rukmani">{{Cite book|last=Rukmani|first=T. S.|title=A critical study of the Bhagavata Purana, with special reference to bhakti|publisher=Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series|location=Varanasi|year=1970|series=Chowkhamba Sanskrit studies|volume=77|page=4}}</ref>{{Refnest|group="注"|Alternate lists of Vishnu avatars are found in medieval Hindu texts. For example, twenty-two avatars of Vishnu are listed numerically in chapter 1.3 of the Bhagavata Purana [BP]:<ref>[http://srimadbhagavatam.com/1/3/en1 Bhag-P 1.3] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521022342/http://srimadbhagavatam.com/1/3/en1 |date=2013年5月21日 }} Canto 1, Chapter 3</ref> [[チャトゥルサナ|Four Kumaras]] (Catursana) [BP 1.3.6]&nbsp;– the four Sons of god [[ブラフマー|Brahma]] and exemplified the path of devotion, Varaha [BP 1.3.7], {{仮リンク|ナーラダ|en|Narada|label=Narada}} [BP 1.3.8] the divine-sage who travels the worlds as a devotee of Vishnu, {{仮リンク|ナラ・ナーラーヤナ|en|Nara-Narayana|label=Nara-Narayana}} [BP 1.3.9]&nbsp;– the twin-sages, [[カピラ|Kapila]] [BP 1.3.10]&nbsp;– a renowned sage spoken of in the [[マハーバーラタ|Mahabharata]], son of [[Kardama Muni]] and [[Devahuti]] and sometimes identified with the founder of the [[サーンキヤ学派|Samkhya]] school of philosophy, {{仮リンク|ダッタートレーヤ|en|Dattatreya|label=Dattatreya}} [BP 1.3.11]&nbsp;– the combined avatar of the Hindu [[三神一体|trinity]] Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. He was born to the sage {{仮リンク|アトリ (インド神話)|en|Atri|label=Atri}} became a great seer himself; {{仮リンク|ヤジナ (アヴァターラ)|en|Yajna (avatar)|label=Yajna (avatar)}} [BP 1.3.12]&nbsp;– the lord of fire-sacrifice, who took was the [[インドラ|Indra]]&nbsp;– the lord of [[天国|heaven]], {{仮リンク|リシャバー|en|Rishabha (Hinduism)|label=Rishabha}} [BP 1.3.13]&nbsp;– the father of {{仮リンク|バーラタ (皇帝)|en|Bharata (emperor)|label=Bharata}} and Bahubali, {{仮リンク|プリトゥ|en|Prithu||label=Prithu}} [BP 1.3.14]&nbsp;– the sovereign-king who milked the earth as a cow to get the world's grain and vegetation and also invented agriculture, Matsya [BP 1.3.15], Kurma [BP 1.3.16], {{仮リンク|ダンヴァンタリ|en|Dhanvantari|label=Dhanvantari}} [BP 1.3.17]&nbsp;– the father of [[アーユルヴェーダ|Ayurveda]] medicine and a physician to the [[デーヴァ|Devas]], {{仮リンク|モヒニ|en|Mohini|label=Mohini}} [BP 1.3.17] – the enchantress, Narasimha [BP 1.3.18], Vamana [BP 1.3.19], Parashurama [BP 1.3.20], [[ヴィヤーサ|Vyasa]] [BP] 1.3.21]&nbsp;– the compiler of the scriptures&nbsp;– [[ヴェーダ|Vedas]] and writer of the scriptures [[プラーナ文献|Puranas]] and the epic [[マハーバーラタ|Mahabharata]], Rama [BP 1.3.22], Krishna [BP 1.3.23], Balarama [BP 1.3.23], Buddha [BP 1.3.24], Kalki [BP 1.3.25]}}、39の重要なアヴァターラが{{仮リンク|パンチャラートラ|en|Pañcaratra}}に語られている<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schrader|first=Friedrich Otto |title=Introduction to the Pāñcarātra and the Ahirbudhnya saṃhitā|publisher=Adyar Library|year=1916|page=42|url=https://books.google.com/?id=OlgLAQAAIAAJ}}</ref>。10世紀以前にはすでに重要なアヴァターラは10という数で定着していたようである<ref name="Mishra" />。