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殊更にオークション領域では、 eBay.comが「今すぐ買う」オンラインショッピングを発展・拡張して以来、UPC（Universal Product Code）や ISBN（国際標準図書番号）または、SKU（Stock Keeping Unit）の様な形で何らかの番号(Half.comを介す)での価格最適化、オンラインクラシファイド広告 (Kijiji 又は eBay Classifiedsを介す)、 オンラインチケットトレーディング (StubHubを介す)、その他多数のeBay系列のサービスを構築している。以前は、オンライン送金も自社で提供していた（2002年から2015年までeBayの子会社だったPayPalを介し行われていた<ref name="Skype and PayPal – A Different Set of Rules"/>）。
 
==History歴史==
[[File:EBay headquarters 2018.jpg|thumb|left|eBay headquarters in [[San Jose, California]]]]
 
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度々語られるストーリーとしては、eBay設立は、創業者オミダイアのフィアンセがPezキャンディー販売機の取引をしており、彼女を助けるためにオークションウェブを立ち上げたというものであるが、それは1997年にパブリックリレーションズマネジャーのMary Lou Song（eBayの3人目の社員）がでっち上げた創作だった。この創作の背景は、左記のストーリーを公表するより以前に発表した、「[[perfect market|Perfect Market]]<ref name="Berkun2010"/>を創り上げたかったから」という理由に対し興味を示さないメディアの興味を惹くためであった。<ref name="Berkun2010" />このストーリーは、Adam Cohenの著書で明らかにされており（''The Perfect Store'' (2002)）<ref name="cohen" />、著書の内容に関してeBayも内容を認めている。<ref name="Berkun2010"/>
 
eBayが株式公開後、Omidyar（オミダイア）とSkoll（スコール）の両名は瞬間的に億万長者となった。NASDAQ上場での株式初公開後のeBayの株価は18ドルを目標と設定されていたが、予想に反して、53.50ドルにまで駆け上った。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/eBay-roars-into-public-trading/2100-1001_3-215908.html|title=eBay roars into public trading|accessdate=2018/11/20|publisher=CNET}}</ref>
 
===Beanie Babies and ビーニーベイビーズとeBay===
The Pez dispenser myth generated enormous amounts of publicity and led to some of 販売機神話は、大規模パブリシティーの発生とeBay's most explosive early growth among toy collectors. However at the time, [[Beanie Babies]] (manufactured by の数あるカテゴリの中でも急速に成長しているトイコレクター間の取引を更にアクティベートするための広報戦略でもあった。当時、[[Ty, Inc.]]) were the leader in the toy category and was the most difficult brand to find in retail stores. が製造する[[Beanie Babies|Beanie quickly became the dominant product onBabies（ビーニーベイビーズ）]] は、トイカテゴリーの中ではリーダー的存在であり、どれほど探したとしても最も小売店で見つけることが難しい商品だった。ビーニーベイビーズは瞬く間にeBay accounting for 10% of all eBay listings in 1997.comサイト内の代表的目玉商品となり、全体のリスティングの10％を占めた。<ref name=DarkSide>{{cite book|last=Bissonnette|first=Zac|date=March 2015|title=The Great Beanie Baby Bubble: Mass Delusion and the Dark Side of Cute|url=|location=|publisher=Penguin Books|chapter=The Efficient Market| pages=122–125|isbn=1591846021}}</ref><ref name=BeaniesFortune>{{cite news |title=Lessons From the Great Beanie Babies Crash |url=http://fortune.com/2015/03/11/beanie-babies-failure-lessons/ |work=Fortune Magazine |author=Anne Vandermey |date=March 11, 2015 |accessdate=July 11, 2018 |location=}}</ref>
 
株式非公開期に、eBayのマーケットシェアを拡大させた要因は大きく2つある。
While still a privately held company, eBay's growing market share was contributed by two major factors:
 
* 1990年代中ごろ、ビーニーベイビーズのコレクション需要が殺到した・・・コレクターがビーニーベイビーズを全種コンプリートするためにあらゆる手段で探していた。
* The growing [[Beanie Babies#Collectibility|collectibility of Beanie Babies]] in the mid-1990's - collectors internationally were trying to complete their collection of Beanie Babies
* Ty社が、初めてWebsite上でB2Cビジネスを始めた・・・Lina Trivediが構築した初期のTyウェブサイトは、ビーニーベイビーズを持っているユーザーがC2Cでオンライン取引を可能にする投稿機能が備わっていたが、ソートの効かないリスティング状況に不便を感じたユーザーらの、もっと効率よくビーニーベイビーズを取引できるマーケっとが欲しいというユーザーの合理的な要望により閉鎖されることになった。 <ref name=DarkSide />
* Ty producing the [[Ty Inc.#First business-to-consumer Website|first business-to-consumer Web site]] - the original Ty Web site (created by [[Lina Trivedi]]) contained an online trading post where people could trade their Beanie Babies, however the trading post was overwhelmed with unsortable listings creating a legitimate demand for a more efficient online system to buy and trade Beanie Babies in the secondary market<ref name=DarkSide />
 
結果的に、eBayのユーザーフレンドリーなUI設計が彼らの求めている最適な商品リスティングを提供できたことからeBayに需要が集中した。
As a result, eBay provided a user-friendly interface to search for specific Beanie Babies that collectors were searching for.
 
On September 1998年9月21, 1998, 日にeBay went public.は株式を公開した。<ref name="eBay Inc. - MSN Fact Sheet"/> In the risk factors section of the annual report filed with the1998年に、オミダイアはeBayの年次レポート内のリスク要因として、ビーニーベイビーズ市場の影響を強く受け続けていることを記し、 [[US Securities and Exchange|US Securities and Exchange CommissionCommission（米国証券取引委員会）]] in 1998, Omidyar notes eBay's dependence on the continued strength of the Beanie Babies market.に対して提出した。<ref name=DarkSide /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2004-12-05/pierre-m-dot-omidyar-the-web-for-the-people |title=Pierre M. Omidyar: The Web For The People|publisher=Bloomburg BusinessWeek| date=December 5, 2004 |access-date=June 17, 2018}}</ref>
 
===2000s2000年代===
In February収集品として価値が高い物だけでなく遍く販売可能な商品まで取扱商品カテゴリを拡充した結果、eBayは急速に成長した。<ref name="el_history"/>2002 the company purchased 年2月、iBazar, a similar European auction web site founded in という1998,年創業のeBayと類似したオンラインオークションサービスを行っているヨーロッパの企業を買収した。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/8451898/The-history-of-eBay.html|title=The history of eBay|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=July 24, 2017|language=en}}</ref> and then bought 更に、同年の10月3日、[[PayPal]] on October 3, 2002.を買収した。<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/its-official-ebay-weds-paypal/|title=It's Official: eBay Wed PayPal|publisher=[[CNET]]|date=October 3, 2002|accessdate=October 4, 2015}}</ref>▼
As the company expanded product categories beyond collectibles into almost any saleable item, business grew quickly.<ref name="el_history"/>
▲In February 2002 the company purchased iBazar, a similar European auction web site founded in 1998,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/8451898/The-history-of-eBay.html|title=The history of eBay|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=July 24, 2017|language=en}}</ref> and then bought [[PayPal]] on October 3, 2002.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/its-official-ebay-weds-paypal/|title=It's Official: eBay Wed PayPal|publisher=[[CNET]]|date=October 3, 2002|accessdate=October 4, 2015}}</ref>
 
By early 2008 the company had expanded worldwide, counting hundreds of millions of registered users as well as {{formatnum:15000}} employees and revenues of almost $7.7 billion. After nearly ten years at 年になって間もなくeBay, Whitman decided to enter politics. On January は世界中に拡大し、何億人ものユーザーが会員登録し、同時に従業員数も1万5千人になり、77億ドルもの売上高を誇った。eBayの代表になって約10年目のタイミングで、Whitman（ホイットマン）は政治参入を決めた。2008年1月23, 日、eBayはホイットマンが2008, the company announced that Whitman would step down on March 年3月31, 2008, and 日付けで同社代表を退任することを発表し、[[John Donahoe]] was selected to become president and CEO.が新しいeBayの代表取締役兼社長に選出された。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crunchbase.com/person/john-donahoe |title=John Donahoe |publisher=Crunchbase.com |accessdate=November 1, 2011}}</ref> Whitman remained on the board of directors and continued to advise Donahoe through 2008. In late 年が過ぎるまでは、ホイットマンは新代表のアドバイザー役として取締役会に籍を置いていた。2009 年終盤、eBay completed the sale of [[は子会社のSkype]] for $2.75 billion, but still owned 30% equity in the companyを27.5億ドルでの売却を完了したが、株式の30％は現在も保有している。<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/19/AR2009111903725.html |title=Breaking: eBay Completes Skype Sale At $2.75 Billion Valuation |work=The Washington Post |date=November 19, 2009 |accessdate=November 1, 2011 |first=Robin |last=Wauters}}</ref>
 
===2010s2010年代===
In 2012年、eBayは [[High-TechUnited EmployeeStates AntitrustDepartment Litigationof Justice|eBay was charged]] by the [[United States Department of JusticeJustice（アメリカ合衆国司法省）]] with entering into により、同業他社の優秀な人材の雇用に関するnon-solicitation agreements with other technology companies involving their highly skilled employees.agreements（勧誘禁止契約）の締結を課せられた。<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/billsinger/2012/11/19/after-apple-google-adobe-pixar-google-and-intuit-antitrust-employment-charges-hit-ebay/|title=After Apple, Google, Adobe, Intel, Pixar, and Intuit, Antitrust Employment Charges Hit eBay|firstaccessdate=Bill2018/11/20|last=Singer|first=Bill|date=November 19, 2012|work=Forbes|publisher=}}</ref>
 
On September 2014年9月30, 2014, 日、eBayが子会社のPaypalを[[スピンオフ]]することを表明した。これは同発表の9ヶ月以前から announced it would spinoff PayPal into a separate publicly traded company, a demand made nine months prior by activist hedge fund magnate 、ヘッジファンド界の大物で活動家として知られる[[Carl Icahn]]. The spinoff completed on July により要求されたものである。Paypalのスピンオフは2015年7月18, 2015. eBay’s then chief executive, 日に完了し、当時CEOだった[[John Donahoe, stepped down from that role.]]が退任した。<ref>{{cite web|last1=De La Merced|first1=Michael|last2=Sorkin|first2=Andrew|title=EBay to Spin Off PayPal, Adopting Strategy Backed by Icahn|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/09/30/ebay-to-spin-off-paypal-adopting-strategy-backed-by-icahn/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0|work=The New York Times|accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Mukherjee|first1=Supantha|title=EBay follows Icahn's advice, plans PayPal spinoff in 2015|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/09/30/us-ebay-divestiture-idUSKCN0HP13D20140930|agency=Reuters|accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Cheng|first1=Roger|title=eBay, PayPal to split into separate companies in 2015|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/ebay-to-split-paypal-into-separate-company-in-2015/|publisher=[[CNET]]|accessdate=September 30, 2014}}</ref>
 
On January 31, 2018, 年1月31日、eBay announced that they would replace PayPal as its primary payments provider with Netherlands-based start-up は主要決済プロバイダーをPaypalからオランダのスタートアップ企業の[[Adyen]]. The transition is set to be completed by に変更する事を発表した。PaypalからAdyenへの主要決済プロバイダー移行は、2021, but PayPal will remain an acceptable payment option on the site until further notice.年までに完了される見込みである。一方で、Paypalも決済手段の一つとして引き続き使用可能だと明言している。<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/01/why-ebay-abandoned-paypal-for-a-smaller-european-competitor.html|title=Why eBay abandoned PayPal for a smaller European competitor|last=Browne|first=Ryan|date=February 1, 2018|publisher=CNBC|access-date=February 2, 2018}}</ref>
 
==企業情報==
==Corporate affairs==
 
===Board of directors取締役会===
As of November 2014 the board of directors was as follows:年11月時点での取締役一覧<ref>{{cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=http://investor.ebayinc.com/directors.cfm|website=eBay Inc|accessdate=November 4, 2014}}</ref>
* [[Devin Wenig]], new、 2015年から新しく就任したeBay のCEO and president since 2015兼社長。
* [[Fred D. Anderson]], former managing director of 、[[Elevation Partners]], director of 社の元代表取締役。203年7月にeBay since July 2003の役員に就任。
* [[Edward W. Barnholt]], former president and CEO of 、[[Agilent Technologies]], director of 社の元代表取締役兼社長。2005年4月にeBay since April 2005の役員に就任。
* [[Scott Cook]], founder of 、[[Intuit]], director of eBay since June 社の創業者。1998年6月にeBayの役員に就任。
* [[John Donahoe]]、2008年1月にeBayの役員に就任。2008年3月からeBayの代表取締役兼社長に就任。
* [[John Donahoe]], eBay’s former president and CEO since March 2008, former director of eBay since January 2008
* [[David Dorman]], non-executive chairman of 、[[Motorola]], director of 社の元非常勤会長。2014年6月にeBay since June 2014の役員に就任。
* [[William Clay Ford, Jr.]], executive chairman of 、[[Ford Motor Company]], director of 社の元経営執行役会長。2005年7月にeBay since July 2005の役員に就任。
* [[Kathleen C. Mitic]], founder and CEO of 、Sitch Inc, director of 社の元創業者件代表取締役。2011年9月にeBay since September 2011の役員に就任。
* [[David M. Moffett]], former CEO of 、[[Freddie Mac]], director of 社の元代表取締役。2017年7月にeBay since July 2007の役員に就任。
* [[Pierre Omidyar]], director and chairman of 、eBay, since its incorporation in May 創業者。1996年のeBay創業以来、会長兼役員。
* [[Richard T. Schlosberg]], former president and CEO of the 、[[David and Lucile Packard Foundation]], director of 社の元代表取締役兼社長。2004年3月にeBay since March 2004の役員に就任。
* [[Thomas J. Tierney]], co-founder of the 、[[Bridgespan Group]], director of 社の共同創業者。2003年3月にeBay since March 2003の役員に就任。
 
===Logoロゴ===
In September 2012, eBay introduced a new logo set in the [[Univers]] typeface, but using a thinner variation of it,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.underconsideration.com/brandnew/archives/ebay_settles_for_lowest_bid.php |title=Brand New: eBay Settles for Lowest Bid. |publisher=Brand New |accessdate=February 5, 2015}}</ref> installed on the website on October 10, 2012. It replaced the logo with a thicker variation of Univers which had been used since its establishment in 1995. An all red, ebay logo with the same type set was also introduced to be used temporarily for various holidays.
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In its Q1 2008 results, total payment volume via PayPal increased 17%, but off the eBay auction site it was up 61%.<ref name="Q1 eBay earnings call April 16, 2008"/>
 
For most listing categories, eBay sellers are permitted to offer a variety of payment systems such as Escrow.com,<ref name="eBay Inc">{{cite web|url=http://pages.ebay.com/help/pay/escrow.html|title=Using escrow services for eBay Motors vehicle purchases|accessdate=2018/11/20|publisher=eBay Inc.}}</ref> [[PayPal]], [[Paymate]], Propay, and Skrill.<ref name="Accepted Payments Policy"/> Propay and Skrill were banned effective September 27, 2015, citing low usage.<ref name=ecom-ebayban>{{cite web|title=eBay Bans Sellers from Offering PayPal Rivals|url=http://www.ecommercebytes.com/cab/cab/abn/y15/m08/i28/s02|website=eCommerce Bytes|accessdate=August 31, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150831141931/http://www.ecommercebytes.com/cab/cab/abn/y15/m08/i28/s02|archivedate=August 31, 2015}}</ref>
 
Escrow.com is eBay's approved [[escrow]] site. The transactions processed through Escrow.com largely are in relation to eBay Motors; however, they are not restricted to this type of listing.<ref name="eBay Inc"/>
 
eBay runs an affiliate program under the name eBay Partner Network.<ref name="eBay Partner Network"/> eBay affiliate marketers were originally paid a percentage of the eBay seller's transaction fees, with commissions ranging from 50% to 75% of the fees paid for an item purchased. In October 2009, eBay changed to an affiliate payout system that it calls Quality Click Pricing, in which affiliates are paid an amount determined by an undisclosed algorithm. The total earnings amount is then divided by the number of clicks the affiliate sent to eBay and is reported as Earnings Per Click, or EPC. In October 2013, ePN launched a new pricing model. The new model is more transparent and is based on category-level base commission rates with bonuses available for referring new and reactivated buyers.<ref name="autogenerated5">{{cite web|url=http://www.ebaypartnernetworkblog.com/en/2013/09/new-pricing-to-launch-on-october-1st|title=New Pricing to Launch on October 1st|accessdate=2018/11/20|publisher=eBay Inc.}}</ref>
 
On April 18, 2012 eBay reported a 29% Q1 revenue increase to $3.3 billion compared to their Q1 in 2011. Net income was reported to be at $570 million for the quarter.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/04/18/ebay-beats-q1-revenue-up-29-percent-to-3-3b-net-income-up-20-percent/|title=eBay Beats; Q1 Revenue Up 29 Percent To $3.3B; Net Income Up 20 Percent|firstaccessdate=Leena2018/11/20|last=Rao|first=Leena|work=TechCrunch|publisher=AOL}}</ref>
 
For the fiscal year 2017, eBay reported losses of US$1.016 billion, with an annual revenue of US$9.567 billion, an increase of 6.6% over the previous fiscal cycle. eBay's shares traded at over $35 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at over US$27.2 billion in October 2018.
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!Employees
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|2005<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2005.pdf|title=2005 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|4,552
|1,082
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|2006<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2006.pdf|title=2006 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|5,970
|1,126
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|2007<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2007.pdf|title=2007 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|7,672
|348
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|2008<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2008.pdf|title=2008 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|8,541
|1,779
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|2009<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2009.pdf|title=2009 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|8,727
| 2,389
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|2010<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2010.pdf|title=2010 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|9,156
| 1,801
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|2011<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2011.pdf|title=2011 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|11,652
|3,229
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|2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2012.pdf|title=2012 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|14,072
|2,609
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|2013<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2013.pdf|title=2013 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|8,257
|2,856
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|33,500
|-
|2014<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2014.pdf|title=2014 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|8,790
|46
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|34,600
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|2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2015.pdf|title=2015 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|8,592
| 1,725
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|11,600
|-
|2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/e/NASDAQ_EBAY_2016.pdf|title=2016 Annual Report|access-date=2018/11/20|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
|8,979
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The design of the building also incorporates other elements to reduce its impact on the environment. The building is equipped with a lighting system that detects natural ambient light sources and automatically dims artificial lighting to save 39% of the power usually required to light an office building. eBay's newest building also reduces demand on local water supplies by incorporating an eco-friendly irrigation system, and low-flow shower heads and faucets. Even during construction, more than 75% of the waste from construction was recycled. eBay also runs buses between San Francisco and the San Jose campus to reduce the number of commuting vehicles.<ref name="autogenerated3" /> In 2014, eBay and several other Oregon businesses signed the Oregon Business Climate Declaration to promote local job growth and slow carbon pollution.<ref name=bizjournal>{{cite web|last1=Giegerich|first1=Andy|title=Intel, eBay in forefront as Oregon tech companies join fight against climate change|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/portland/blog/sbo/2014/09/intel-ebay-in-forefront-as-oregon-tech-companies.html|accessdate=September 24, 2014}}</ref>
 
===Acquisitions買収（M&A）===
{{Main|List of acquisitions by eBay}}
 
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On October 3, 2002, PayPal became a wholly owned subsidiary of eBay.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://news.cnet.com/Its+official+eBay+weds+PayPal/2100-1017_3-960658.html |title=It's official: eBay weds PayPal |publisher=[[CNET]] |first=Troy |last=Wolverton |date=October 3, 2002 |accessdate=May 7, 2007}}</ref> Its corporate headquarters were sited in [[San Jose, California]],<ref name=samuels2012>{{Citation
|first=Diana |last=Samuels |publication-date=October 29, 2012 |title=PayPal lays off 325 in effort to speed innovation |periodical=[[San Jose Business Journal]] |at=bizjournals.com |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/blog/2012/10/paypal-lays-off-325-in-effort-to-speed.html |accessdate=October 30, 2012 }}</ref> United States at eBay's North First Street satellite office campus. On September 30, 2014, eBay Inc. announced the divestiture of PayPal as an independent company, which was completed on July 20, 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.techtimes.com/articles/64212/20150629/ebay-and-paypal-formally-splits-on-july-20.htm/ |title=EBay And PayPal Formally Split On July 20 |accessdate=2018/11/20|publisher=ebay.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702074414/http://www.techtimes.com/articles/64212/20150629/ebay-and-paypal-formally-splits-on-july-20.htm |archivedate=July 2, 2015 |deadurl=yes}}</ref>
 
====Craigslist====
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===GCHQ===
UK's [[GCHQ]] has a suite of tools for monitoring target use of eBay, named ELATE.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://firstlook.org/theintercept/2014/07/14/manipulating-online-polls-ways-british-spies-seek-control-internet/|title=Hacking Online Polls and Other Ways British Spies Seek to Control the Internet|accessdate=2018/11/20|work=The Intercept|publisher=}}</ref>
 
===Items===
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eBay maintains a number of specialty sites including the discussion boards, groups, answer center, chat rooms, and reviews and guides. eBay's mobile offerings include [[Short message service|SMS]] alerts, a [[Wireless Application Protocol|WAP]] site, [[Java ME]] clients, and mobile applications for [[Windows Phone]], [[Android (operating system)|Android OS]], and Apple iPhone.
 
The initiative [[Choice in eCommerce]] was founded on May 8, 2013 by several online retailers in [[Berlin]], Germany.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tamebay.com/2013/07/petition-for-choice-in-ecommerce.html|title=Petition for Choice in Ecommerce|accessdate=2018/11/20|publisher=Tamebay.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://newrooms.wordpress.com/2013/07/23/choice-in-ecommerce/|title=Choice in eCommerce|accessdate=2018/11/20|work=The newroomsonline blog|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Jean-Marc |last=Noel |date=August 9, 2013 |url=http://www.trustedshops.co.uk/news/online-retailers-prepare-to-fight-the-sales-ban/ |title=Online retailers prepare to fight the sales ban - Ecommerce News Blog |publisher=Trustedshops.co.uk |accessdate=May 21, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529153720/http://www.trustedshops.co.uk/news/online-retailers-prepare-to-fight-the-sales-ban/ |archivedate=May 29, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toyworldmag.co.uk/news/2013/07/ebay-asks-retailers-to-back-choice-in-ecommerce-campaign |title=eBay lobbies to ban sales restrictions |work=Toy World Magazine |accessdate=May 21, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221205130/http://www.toyworldmag.co.uk/news/2013/07/ebay-asks-retailers-to-back-choice-in-ecommerce-campaign |archivedate=February 21, 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webretailer.com/news/1765-choice-in-ecommerce-campaigns-for-resale.asp |title=Choice in eCommerce Campaigns for Resale Rights |publisher=Web Retailer |date=September 6, 2013 |accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webretailer.com/news/1777-choice-in-ecommerce-interview.asp |title=Choice in eCommerce Interview |publisher=Web Retailer |date=September 21, 2013 |accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>BILD, Online-Händler kämpfen gegen Hersteller-Boykott, July 16, 2013</ref><ref>eCommerce Magazin 7-2013, Online-Handel gründet Initiative gegen Verkauftsverbot, July 17, 2013</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/unternehmen/aufstand-gegen-adidas-und-co-online-haendler-stemmen-sich-gegen-verkaufsverbote_aid_1043835.html|title=Aufstand gegen Adidas und Co.: Online-Händler stemmen sich gegen Verkaufsverbote|accessdate=2018/11/20|date=July 16, 2013|work=FOCUS Online|publisher=}}</ref> The cause was, in the view of the initiative, sales bans and online restrictions by individual manufacturers. The dealers felt cut off from their main sales channel and thus deprived them the opportunity to use online platforms like [[Amazon.com|Amazon]], eBay, or [[Rakuten]] in a competitive market for the benefit of their customers.
 
====Unusual items====
{{Main|Unusual eBay listings}}
Many unusual items have been placed for sale on eBay, including at least two previously undiscovered species, including the ''[[Coelopleurus exquisitus]]'' [[sea urchin]].<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/legacy/outriders/2006/09/an_equisite_new_species_found.shtml|title=BBC - Outriders: An Exquisite New Species found on Ebay|accessdate=2018/11/20|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref name="Insect expert discovers new species on eBay">{{cite web|url=http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/corporate/PressReleases/PressReleases.php?PRID=48 |title=Insect expert discovers new species on eBay |date=August 19, 2008 |accessdate=August 19, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121228223514/http://www.rothamsted.ac.uk/PressReleases.php?PRID=48 |archivedate=December 28, 2012 }}</ref>
 
====Prohibited or restricted items====
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Bidding on eBay (old or new)'s auction-style listing is called [[proxy bid]]ding and is essentially equivalent to a [[Vickrey auction]] (sealed-bid), with the following exceptions.
* The winning bidder pays the second-highest bid plus one bid increment amount (that is, some small predefined amount relative to the bid size), instead of simply the highest bid. However, since the bid increment amounts are relatively insignificant compared to the bid size, they are not considered from a strategic standpoint.<ref name="eBay's explanation of bid increments"/>
* The highest bidder's bid is sealed, as in a Vickrey auction, but the current winning bid (second highest plus one increment) is displayed throughout the auction to allow [[price discovery]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aucx.com/|title=Domain Name Auctions |accessdate=2018/11/20|publisher=AUCX.com}}</ref>
* Because eBay's auction-style listings are sealed-bid, it is usually to all bidders' advantage that bids are made only at the very end of the auction (except for an initial minimum bid, that cancels out a "Buy It Now" option, or prevents the seller from ending the listing early). Early bids will usually not increase the bidder's chance of winning the auction, and will often raise the item's final price (winning bid) for the eventual winner.
* eBay also allows sellers to offer a "Buy it Now" price that will end the auction immediately. The Buy It Now price is available until someone bids on the item, or until the reserve price is met. When the Buy It Now option disappears, the auction-style listing proceeds normally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pages.ebay.com/help/sell/fixed-price.html|title=Selling using a fixed price|accessdate=2018/11/20|publisher=ebay.com}}</ref>
 
====Seller ratings====
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On May 21, 2014 the company revealed that the consumer database of usernames, passwords, phone numbers, and physical addresses had been breached between late February and early March. Users were advised to change their passwords; to expedite this, a "change password" feature was added to profiles of users who had not yet done so. The [[Syrian Electronic Army]] took responsibility for the attack. The SEA said that even though the hack revealed millions of users' banking details to them, they would not misuse the data. They had replaced the front pages of the websites with their own logo, called "[[Website defacement|Defacing]]" in technical terms. The hack caused eBay's share price to crash in intra-day trade as a result of the breach of security.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://money.cnn.com/2014/05/21/technology/security/ebay-passwords/index.html | title=EBay customers must reset passwords after major hack | publisher=CNN | accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2014/05/21/ebay-breach/9368969/ | title=EBay urging users to change passwords after breach | date=May 21, 2014 | work=USA Today | accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/21/us-ebay-password-idUSBREA4K0B420140521 | title=EBay asks 145 million users to change passwords after cyber attack | agency=Reuters | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2014/05/21/ebay-suffers-massive-security-breach-all-users-must-their-change-passwords/ | title=eBay Suffers Massive Security Breach, All Users Must Change Their Passwords | work=Forbes | date=May 21, 2014 | accessdate=May 21, 2014}}</ref>
 
==See also関連企業==
* [[Alibaba Group]], Chinese e-commerce company
* ''[[eBay v. Bidder's Edge]]''
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{{Portal bar|San Francisco Bay Area |Companies|Internet|Business and Economics}}
 
==References脚注リスト==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="adult_only">{{cite web | author=eBay | title = Adult Only category policy | url = http://pages.ebay.com/help/policies/adult-only.html | accessdate = December 25, 2010}}</ref>
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}}
 
==External links外部リンク==
{{Commons category|eBay}}
* {{Official website}}
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