「ヴァシリッサ・オルガ (駆逐艦)」の版間の差分
削除された内容 追加された内容
en:Greek destroyer Vasilissa Olga 19:05, 16 March 2021よりコピー ＋{{工事中}} |
|||
1行目:
{{工事中}}
{{出典の明記|date=2012年2月|ソートキー=軍ギリシャ海_艦}}
'''ヴァシリッサ・オルガ'''（[[ギリシャ語]]:'''{{lang|el|Βασίλισσα Όλγα}}'''）は、[[ギリシャ海軍]]の[[ヴァシレフス・ゲオルギオス級駆逐艦|ヴァシレフス・ゲオルギオス級]]の[[駆逐艦]]である。[[イギリス]]の[[ヤーロウ・シップビルダーズ|ヤーロー]]社で建造された。同型艦に[[ヴァシレフス・ゲオルギオス (駆逐艦)|ヴァシレフス・ゲオルギオス]]（[[:en:Greek destroyer Vasilefs Georgios (D 14)|Vasilefs Georgios]]）がある。
== 艦歴 ==
==Construction and service==
The ''Vasilefs Georgios''-class ships were ordered on 29 January 1937<ref name=w5/> as part of a naval rearmament plan that was intended to include one [[light cruiser]] and at least four destroyers, one pair of which were to be built in Britain and the other pair in Greece.<ref>Freivogel, p. 351</ref> ''Vasilissa Olga'' was [[laid down]] at [[Yarrow Shipbuilders|Yarrow & Company]]'s [[shipyard]] in [[Scotstoun]], [[Scotland]], in February 1937, [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 2 June 1938, and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 4 February 1939 without her armament, which was installed later in Greece.<ref name=w5/>
After the {{ship|Italian submarine|Delfino|1930|2|up=yes}} sank the elderly [[protected cruiser]] {{ship|Greek cruiser|Elli|1912|2}} in a sneak attack on 15 August 1940 off the island of [[Tinos]], ''Vasilissa Olga'' and her sister were sent to Tinos to escort the merchant ships there home. During the Greco-Italian War she escorted convoys and participated in raids against Italian lines of communication in the [[Strait of Otranto]] on the nights of 14/15 November 1940 and 4/5 January 1941 that failed to locate any ships. The sisters ferried the Greek gold reserves to Crete on 1 March.<ref name=w5/><ref name=f5>Freivogel, p. 355</ref>
After the German invasion of Greece on 6 April, the sisters began to escort convoys between Greece and Egypt via Crete. On 22 April, ''Vasilissa Olga'' was ordered to evacuate elements of the Greek government to Crete, including [[Vice Admiral]] [[Alexandros Sakellariou]] who was the [[Minister for Naval Affairs (Greece)|Minister for Naval Affairs]], Chief of the [[Hellenic Navy General Staff|Navy General Staff]] and [[Deputy Prime Minister of Greece|Deputy Prime Minister]]. The following month she proceeded to [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]], and then escorted convoys in the Eastern Mediterranean before departing for India to be modernized on 9 October.<ref>Freivogel, pp. 355–56, 360–61</ref>
The refit was completed on 5 January 1942 and the ship escorted convoys in the [[Arabian Sea|Arabian]] and Red Seas before arriving back in Alexandria on 22 February. Together with the British destroyer {{HMS|Jaguar|F34|6}}, ''Vasilissa Olga'' was escorting the [[oil tanker]] [[RFA Slavol|RFA ''Slavol'']] off [[Mersa Matruh]], Egypt, when they detected and unsuccessfully attacked the {{GS|U-652}} on 26 March. Later that day, the submarine sank both ''Jaguar'' and ''Slavol''. ''Vasilissa Olga'' [[Ship grounding|ran aground]] in early May while escorting a convoy between Alexandria and [[Tobruk]] and damaged her propellers. After repairs the ship was transferred to the [[Indian Ocean]] where she escorted convoys there and in the Red Sea until December when she returned to the Mediterranean.<ref>Freivogel, p. 361</ref><ref>Whitley, p. 156</ref>
On 14 December, ''Vasilissa Olga'' and the destroyer {{HMS|Petard|G56|6}} forced the {{ship|Italian submarine|Uarsciek}} to the surface off [[Malta]]. The submarine's crew was unable to [[Scuttling|scuttle]] their boat and it was taken in tow, although it later sank.<ref>Rohwer, p. 219</ref> The following month, on the night of 18/19 January 1943, ''Vasilissa Olga'', along with the destroyers {{HMS|Pakenham|G06|6}} and {{HMS|Nubian|F36|6}}, intercepted and sank the {{GRT|475|disp=adj}} Italian [[Cargo ship|freighter]] {{SS|Stromboli}} off the Libyan coast. The following month, the ship was assigned to escort the [[ocean liner]]s transporting the [[Australian Army]]'s [[9th Division (Australia)|9th Division]] home from Egypt ([[Operation Pamphlet]]) as they passed through the Red Sea between 7 and 24 February.<ref>Freivogel, pp. 361–62</ref>
On 2 June, during the preparatory stages of [[Operation Corkscrew]] (the Allied invasion of the Italian island of [[Pantelleria]]), ''Vasilissa Olga'' and the destroyer {{HMS|Jervis|F00|6}} engaged an Italian convoy, sinking its lone escort, the [[torpedo boat]] {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Castore||2}} off [[Cape Spartivento]]. The convoy, however, managed to limp away. The following month, the ship was assigned to escort the ships of the British Covering Force in the [[Ionian Sea]] during Operation Husky and later bombarded [[Catania]], Sicily. After the [[Armistice of Cassibile|Italian armistice]] on 8 September, ''Vasilissa Olga'' was one of the ships that escorted Italian ships to Malta on 10 September. The next day, she returned to Italian waters to escort the ships involved in Operation Avalanche.<ref>Rohwer, pp. 253, 262</ref><ref name=f2>Freivogel, p. 362</ref>
The ship was transferred to the Eastern Mediterranean to support British forces involved in the Dodecanese Campaign in the [[Aegean Sea]] less than a week later, arriving at Alexandria on 16 September.<ref name=f2/> On the night of 17/18 September, she engaged a German convoy off the coast of [[Stampalia]], together with the destroyers {{HMS|Faulknor|H62|6}} and {{HMS|Eclipse|H08|6}}, sinking the transports ''Pluto'' and ''Paula'' and forced the crew of the escorting [[whale catcher]], ''Uj 2104'', to [[Beaching (nautical)|beach]] itself. ''Vasilissa Olga'' transported {{convert|36|LT|t}} of supplies and 300 men of the [[Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment]] from [[Haifa]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], to reinforce the British garrison on Leros. After another supply run, she was sunk by [[Junkers Ju 88]] bombers of [[LG 1]] in Lakki on the morning of 26 September, with the loss of 72 men.<ref>Freivogel, p. 363; Smith, pp. 192–99</ref>
==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite journal|last1=Freivogel|first1=Zvonimir|title=''Vasilefs Georgios'' and ''Vasilissa Olga'': From Sister-Ships to Adversaries|journal=Warship International|date=2003|volume=XL|issue=4|pages=351–64|issn=0043-0374}}
* {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers From Earliest Days to the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2009|isbn=978-1-59114-081-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TpDlFI453RcC&q=Z24&pg=PA179}}
* {{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Peter C.|title=Destroyer Leader: The Story of HMS Faulknor 1935–46|date=2004|publisher=Pen & Sword Maritime|isbn=1-84415-121-2|edition=3rd revised and expanded|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK}}
* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1988|isbn=0-87021-326-1|location=Annapolis, Maryland}}
[[1937年]]に発注され、[[1938年]]に進水、[[1939年]]竣工した。[[1940年]]10月に[[ギリシャ・イタリア戦争|イタリアがギリシャに侵攻]]を開始すると、[[オトラント海峡]]での敵補給路攻撃や、船団護衛などに従事した。[[ギリシャの戦い|ドイツのギリシャ侵攻]]後も船団護衛に従事していたが、ギリシャが[[ナチス・ドイツ|ドイツ]]に占領された後は[[イギリス軍]]と共に、[[地中海]]や[[インド洋]]で護衛任務などに従事した。
| |||