「痩身」の版間の差分

脂肪組織における脂肪の蓄積と減少には、インスリンのほかに、複数の[[酵素]]と複数の[[ホルモン]]が関わっている<ref name = "Lipoprotein lipase and the disposition of dietary fatty acids">[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10211047/ Lipoprotein lipase and the disposition of dietary fatty acids]B A Fielding 1, K N Frayn. {{PMID|10211047}}, {{DOI|10.1017/s0007114598001585}}</ref><ref name = "Adipose-specific Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency More Profoundly Affects Brown than White Fat Biology">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3656262/ Adipose-specific Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency More Profoundly Affects Brown than White Fat Biology]Itsaso Garcia-Arcos, Yaeko Hiyama, Konstantinos Drosatos, Kalyani G. Bharadwaj, Yunying Hu, Ni Huiping Son, Sheila M. O'Byrne, Chuchun L. Chang, Richard J. Deckelbaum, Manabu Takahashi, Marit Westerterp,‖,2 Joseph C. Obunike, Hongfeng Jiang, Hiroaki Yagyu, William S. Blaner, and Ira J. Goldberg. Published online 2013 Mar 31. {{doi| 10.1074/jbc.M113.469270}}</ref><ref name = "Adipose tissue deficiency of hormone-sensitive lipase causes fatty liver in mice">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5741266/ Adipose tissue deficiency of hormone-sensitive lipase causes fatty liver in mice]Bo Xia, Data curation, Methodology, Guo He Cai, Data curation, Hao Yang, Data curation, Shu Pei Wang, Data curation, Grant A. Mitchell, Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing,2, and Jiang Wei Wu, Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Published online 2017 Dec 12. {{doi| 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007110}}</ref><ref name = " Intra-Abdominal Fat Adipocyte Hypertrophy through a Progressive Alteration of Lipolysis and Lipogenesis in Metabolic Syndrome Rats">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6683042/ Intra-Abdominal Fat Adipocyte Hypertrophy through a Progressive Alteration of Lipolysis and Lipogenesis in Metabolic Syndrome Rats]Israel Pérez-Torres,1, Yolanda Gutiérrez-Alvarez, Verónica Guarner-Lans, Eulises Díaz-Díaz, Linaloe Manzano Pech, and Sara del Carmen Caballero-Chacón. Published online 2019 Jul 5. {{doi| 10.3390/nu11071529}}</ref><ref name = "Regulation of lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase activity and gene expression in adipose and muscle tissue by growth hormone treatment during weight loss in obese patients">[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10910003/ Regulation of lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase activity and gene expression in adipose and muscle tissue by growth hormone treatment during weight loss in obese patients]B Richelsen, S B Pedersen, K Kristensen, J D Børglum, H Nørrelund, J S Christiansen, J O Jørgensen. {{PMID| 10910003}}, {{DOI| 10.1053/meta.2000.6738}}</ref><ref name = "Growth hormone-mediated breakdown of body fat: effects of GH on lipases in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of old rats fed different diets">[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12778368/ Growth hormone-mediated breakdown of body fat: effects of GH on lipases in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of old rats fed different diets]T Johansen 1, B Richelsen, H S Hansen, N Din, K Malmlöf. {{PMID| 12778368}}, {{DOI| 10.1055/s-2003-39481}}</ref><ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1542265/ Adipose tissue metabolism in obesity: lipase action in vivo before and after a mixed meal]B A Fielding, K N Frayn. {{PMID| 10211047}}, {{DOI| 10.1017/s0007114598001585}}</ref><ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19318514/ Lipoprotein lipase: from gene to obesity]Hong Wang 1, Robert H Eckel. {{PMID| 19318514}}, {{DOI| 10.1152/ajpendo.90920.2008}}</ref><ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7939219/ Lipoprotein lipase: a key enzyme of lipid metabolism]E Bruckert 1, S Dejager. {{PMID| 7939219}}</ref>。

 

 

LPLは、体内の脂肪の蓄積や脂肪の分解を制御する重要な酵素の一種である。脂肪組織、骨格筋、心筋、乳腺を含む多くの末梢組織の表面に発現し、血中から脂肪を細胞内に送り込む役割を持ち、この酵素を調節するのはインスリンである<ref name = "Lipoprotein lipase and the disposition of dietary fatty acids" />。インスリンは「脂肪代謝における主要な調節器」であり、同時にLPL活性化の調節器でもあり、脂肪細胞におけるLPLの活性化を促す。インスリンが分泌されればされるほど脂肪細胞におけるLPLの活性化はますます強まり、血中から多くの脂肪が脂肪細胞に流入していく。さらに、インスリンは筋肉細胞におけるLPLを抑制し、それによって筋肉が脂肪酸を燃料に使うこともできなくなる。脂肪細胞から脂肪酸が放出されようという時にインスリンの濃度が高ければ、これらの脂肪酸は筋肉細胞には取り込まれず、燃料として消費されることも無く、インスリンによって脂肪細胞に再び押し戻される<ref name="Why we get fat"></ref>。