ドラウグ

ドラウグ（古ノルド語: draugr、アイスランド語: draugur、フェロー語: dreygur、デンマーク語、スウェーデン語、ノルウェー語: draug）は、スカンディナヴィアのサガや民話に登場するアンデッド（死霊）を指す言葉である。中世文学に登場する似たような存在であるハウグブイ（haugbúi）やアプトルガンガ（aptrganga）についても、ドラウグに含めて説明されることがある。

ドラウグは自らの墓に住まい、副葬品として共に塚に収められた宝物を守っている。彼らは死霊だが、形や実体のない幽霊というよりは、肉体を持つ動く死体である。

用語

全体的な分類

肉体を持つ幽霊

吸血鬼

魔法の能力

行動と性格

フォークロア

脚注

参考文献

(primary sources)

• Boer, Richard Constant, ed. (1900), Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar, Halle an der Saale: Max Niemeyer, https://books.google.com/books?id=T-UOAAAAQAAJ 
• [Chadwick, N. K.]=Kershaw, Nora (1921). “The Saga of Hromund Greipsson”. Stories and Ballads of the Far Past. Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–78. https://books.google.com/books?id=sAEzAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA68 
• Eiríkur Magnússon; Morris, William (1869). Grettis Saga. The Story of Grettir the Strong, translated from the Icelandic. London: F. S. Ellis. https://books.google.com/books?id=GtdUAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA48 
• Fox, Denton; Pálsson, Hermann (1974). Grettir's Saga. University of Toronto Press 
• Pálsson, Hermann; Edwards, Paul (1973). Eyrbyggja Saga. Edinburgh: Southside Publishers. https://books.google.com/books?id=6gbXAAAAMAAJ 
• Magnusson, Magnus; Pálsson, Hermann (1969). Laxdaela Saga. Penguin. https://books.google.com/books?id=um91wPf9c7MC 
• Scudder, Bernard (tr.) (2005). The Saga of Grettir the Strong. Penguin. https://books.google.com/books?id=0DrV1rWimgwC 

(secondary sources)

• Andrews, A. LeRoy (1912–1913). “Fornaldarsǫgur Norðrlanda (cont.)”. Modern Philology 10 (3): 601–630. https://books.google.com/books?id=fSE_AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA604. 
• Ármann Jakobsson (2009). “The Fearless Vampire Killers: A Note about the Icelandic Draugr and Demonic Contamination in Grettis Saga”. Folklore 120 (3): 307–316. doi:10.1080/00155870903219771. JSTOR 40646533. 
•    (2011). “Vampires and watchmen: Categorizing the mediaeval Icelandic undead”. Journal of English and Germanic Philology 110 (3): 281–300. doi:10.5406/jenglgermphil.110.3.0281. JSTOR 10.5406/jenglgermphil.110.3.0281. 
• “Burial Practices as Sites of Cultural Memory in the Íslendingasögur”. Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 10: 27–2. (2014). JSTOR 48501879. 
• Boer, Richard Constant, ed. (1898), “Zur Grettissaga”, Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie 30: 1–72, https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbVDAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1 
• “Wraiths, Revenants and Ritual in Medieval Culture”. Past & Present (152): 3–45. (August 1996). JSTOR 651055. 
• Chadwick, N. K. (1946). “Norse ghosts: A study in the Draugr and the Haugbúi”. Folklore 57 (2): 50–65. doi:10.1080/0015587x.1946.9717812. JSTOR 1256952. 
•    (1946). “Norse ghosts II”. Folklore 57 (3): 106–127. doi:10.1080/0015587X.1946.9717823. 
• Clemoes, Peter; Dickins, Bruce (1959). The Anglo-Saxons. Bowes & Bowes. https://books.google.com/books?id=TGo0AAAAIAAJ&q=draugr 
• Curran, Bob (2005). “Chapter 7. The Devil of Hjlata-stad, Iceland”. Vampires: A Field Guide to the Creatures that Stalk the Night. Career Press. pp. 81–93. ISBN 978-1-56414-807-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=1d1EDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA81 
• Jón Hnefill Aðalsteinsson (1987). “Wrestling with ghosts in Icelandic popular belief”. Arv. Nordic yearbook of folklore 43: 7–20. https://books.google.com/books?id=JqwSAQAAIAAJ&q=%C3%81svi%C3%B0r. 
• “Was the Vampire of the Eighteenth Century a Unique Type of Undead-Corpse?”. Folklore 117 (3): 241–260. (December 2006). doi:10.1080/00155870600928872. JSTOR 30035373. 
• Troublesome Corpses: Vampires & Revenants, from Antiquity to the Present. Desert Island Books. (2007). pp. 29–35. ISBN 9781905328307. https://books.google.com/books?id=Cq4qAAAAYAAJ 
• Lindow, John (1976). Comitatus, Individual and Honor: Studies in North Germanic Institutional Vocabulary. University of California Publications in Linguistics 83. University of California Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=cHAbAQAAIAAJ&q=draugr 

外部リンク

• "Norwegian Folk Narrative in America" Norwegian-American Studies