絶滅した動物一覧

ウィキメディアの一覧記事

絶滅した動物一覧(ぜつめつしたどうぶついちらん、List of extinct animals)は、地球上から絶滅した動物のリストである。野生個体の絶滅である「野生絶滅」も扱う。

世界絶滅動物墓地。中国北京瀛州生態公園英語版。また、世界中で人間によって絶滅した生物の慰霊碑ライフ・ケルン英語版が建てられている。

(注意: このリストに掲載されている動物以外にも絶滅した動物は多く存在する)

絶滅した分類群(階級以上) 編集

現生種に至る側系統群とされるものは「*」で示す。

脱皮動物 編集

節足動物 編集

冠輪動物 編集

軟体動物 編集

後口動物 編集

棘皮動物 編集

脊索動物 編集

その他動物 編集

先カンブリア時代(46億~5億4,200万年前) 編集

古生代 編集

カンブリア紀(5億4,200万~4億8,830万年前) 編集

オルドビス紀(4億8,830万~4億4,370万年前)・シルル紀(4億4,370万~4億1,600万年前) 編集

デボン紀(4億1,600万~3億5,920万年前) 編集

石炭紀(3億5,920万~2億9,900万年前) 編集

ペルム紀(二畳紀)(2億9,900万~2億5,100万年前) 編集

中生代 編集

三畳紀(2億5,190万~2億130万年前) 編集

ジュラ紀(2億130万~1億4,550万年前) 編集

白亜紀(1億4,500万~6,600万年前) 編集

新生代 編集

第三紀(6,600万~258万年前) 編集

所属不明 編集

軟体動物 編集

節足動物 編集

魚類 編集

爬虫類両生類 編集

鳥類 編集

哺乳類 編集

ヒト科 編集

第四紀(258万年前~現代):17世紀前 編集

軟体動物 編集

爬虫類 編集

鳥類 編集

魚類 編集

哺乳類 編集

人類 編集
原人 編集

ホモ属

旧人 編集

ホモ属

新人 編集

ホモ属

17世紀現代 編集

地域個体群の絶滅(野生絶滅を含む) 編集

日本産 編集

世界 編集

再発見されたもの 編集

一旦は何らかの形で絶滅が確定したと思われていたものの、その後生存が確認されたものを挙げる(絶滅確定年から再発見まで50年以上のもの)。

哺乳類 編集

鳥類 編集

  • オオハシヨシキリ - 1867年絶滅確定、2006年再発見。標本が一体だけであったために存在そのものを疑われていた。
  • ダイトウウグイス - 1922年絶滅確定、2008年5月に鹿児島県喜界島にて再発見。
  • タスマンアオツラカツオドリ - 19世紀前半に絶滅と推定されたが、2009年にDNAおよび骨格について調査したところ実際にはアオツラカツオドリと全く同一の種であることが判明し、これまでの「近縁種」という説を覆した。
  • ハジロシャクケイ - ペルー固有種。1876年に発見後、1977年まで発見例がなかったため絶滅したと考えられていた。その後に複数の地域で発見例があるものの多くの地域でペアはいないと考えられている。分布域の一部を保護区に指定したり、飼育下の個体を繁殖させ再導入する試みが進められている。再発見時における生息数は少なくとも54-68羽、多くても数百羽、1980年代後半における生息数は200羽未満と推定されている。
  • バミューダミズナギドリ - 1631年に絶滅と推定されたが、1931年に灯台に衝突した個体が回収され、DNA鑑定によりバミューダミズナギドリであることがわかった。絶滅したと推定されていた期間はおよそ300年にも渡った。
  • ヒメフクロウインコ - 1921年以降、発見例がなかったため絶滅と推定されたが、1979年に再発見された。そして、2013年にはこの種では初めてとなる写真と映像での記録が残された。

爬虫類 編集

両生類 編集

魚類 編集

軟体動物 編集

節足動物 編集

脚注 編集

注釈 編集

  1. ^ 有爪動物緩歩動物節足動物を除いた側系統群とされる。
  2. ^ 真節足動物を除いた側系統群とされる。
  3. ^ 狭義のカブトガニ類カスマタスピス類ウミサソリ類・クモガタ類を除いた側系統群とされる。
  4. ^ 鳥類を含む場合は現生群と言える。非鳥類型恐竜(non-avian dinosaur)の場合は絶滅群で、鳥類を除いた側系統群とされる。
  5. ^ 本群以外の顎口類を除いた側系統群とされる。

出典 編集

  1. ^ Harvey, Thomas H. P.; Dong, Xiping; Donoghue, Philip C. J. (2010). “Are palaeoscolecids ancestral ecdysozoans?” (英語). Evolution & Development 12 (2): 177–200. doi:10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00403.x. ISSN 1525-142X. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2010.00403.x. 
  2. ^ a b “The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods” (英語). Current Biology 29 (12): R592–R602. (2019-06-17). doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.04.057. ISSN 0960-9822. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982219304865. 
  3. ^ a b c d Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2020-11-02). “Arthropod Origins: Integrating Paleontological and Molecular Evidence” (英語). Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 51 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-124437. ISSN 1543-592X. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011720-124437. 
  4. ^ Collette, Joseph H.; Hagadorn, James W. (2010-09). “Early Evolution of Phyllocarid Arthropods: Phylogeny and Systematics of Cambrian-Devonian Archaeostracans” (英語). Journal of Paleontology 84 (5): 795–820. doi:10.1666/09-092.1. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/early-evolution-of-phyllocarid-arthropods-phylogeny-and-systematics-of-cambriandevonian-archaeostracans/83F828F9D47F6E5C43BFB5CF5A853DF7. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f Hegna, Thomas A.; Luque, Javier; Wolfe, Joanna M. (2020), The Fossil Record of the Pancrustacea, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/oso/9780190637842.003.0002, ISBN 978-0-19-063784-2, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340983983 2022年3月21日閲覧。 
  6. ^ Poschmann, Markus J. (2021-03-01). “A new phyllocarid (Crustacea, Archaeostraca) from the Early Devonian (late Emsian) Heckelmann Mill Fossil-Lagerstätte (Lahn Syncline, Rhineland-Palatinate, SW-Germany)” (英語). PalZ 95 (1): 27–36. doi:10.1007/s12542-020-00535-6. ISSN 1867-6812. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-020-00535-6. 
  7. ^ Ortega‐Hernández, Javier; Legg, David A.; Braddy, Simon J. (2013). “The phylogeny of aglaspidid arthropods and the internal relationships within Artiopoda” (英語). Cladistics 29 (1): 15–45. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00413.x. ISSN 1096-0031. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00413.x. 
  8. ^ a b Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Zhu, Xuejian; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2017-09-11). “The Vicissicaudata revisited – insights from a new aglaspidid arthropod with caudal appendages from the Furongian of China” (英語). Scientific Reports 7 (1): 11117. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11610-5. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5593897. PMID 28894246. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11610-5. 
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v 金子, 隆一 (2012) (Japanese). ぞわぞわした生きものたち: 古生代の巨大節足動物. 東京: ソフトバンククリエイティブ. ISBN 978-4-7973-4411-0. OCLC 816905375. https://www.worldcat.org/title/zowazowashita-ikimonotachi-koseidai-no-kyodai-sessoku-dobutsu/oclc/816905375 
  10. ^ Schädel, Mario; Haug, Joachim T. (2020/05). “A new interpretation of the enigmatic fossil arthropod Anhelkocephalon handlirschi Bill, 1914 – important insights in the morphology of Cyclida”. Palaeodiversity 13 (1): 69–81. doi:10.18476/pale.v13.a7. ISSN 1867-6294. https://bioone.org/journals/Palaeodiversity/volume-13/issue-1/pale.v13.a7/A-new-interpretation-of-the-enigmatic-fossil-arthropod-Anhelkocephalon-handlirschi/10.18476/pale.v13.a7.full. 
  11. ^ 宇佐見義之『知りたい!サイエンス カンブリア爆発の謎:チェンジャンモンスターが残した進化の足跡』技術評論社、東京、2008年。ISBN 978-4-7741-3417-8OCLC 676421739https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/676421739 
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p 加藤太一 (2017) (Japanese). 古生物. 東京: 学研プラス. ISBN 978-4-05-204576-9. OCLC 992701133. https://www.worldcat.org/title/koseibutsu/oclc/992701133 
  13. ^ a b c d e 土屋, 健; かわさき, しゅんいち; 田中, 源吾 (2020) (Japanese). アノマロカリス解体新書. ISBN 978-4-89308-928-1. OCLC 1141813539. https://www.worldcat.org/title/anomarokarisu-kaitai-shinsho/oclc/1141813539 
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l 群馬県立自然史博物館 (2020) (Japanese). 大むかしの生きもの. 東京: 講談社. ISBN 978-4-06-518985-6. OCLC 1163637303. https://www.worldcat.org/title/omukashi-no-ikimono/oclc/1163637303 
  15. ^ a b c d e f 土屋, 健; 土屋, 香; 芝原, 暁彦 (2021) (Japanese). ゼロから楽しむ古生物: 姿かたちの移り変わり. ISBN 978-4-297-12228-7. OCLC 1262176890. https://www.worldcat.org/title/zero-kara-tanoshimu-koseibutsu-sugata-katachi-no-utsurikawari/oclc/1262176890 
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 小林快次 (2014) (Japanese). 大昔の生きもの. 東京: ポプラ社. ISBN 978-4-591-14071-0. OCLC 883613863. https://www.worldcat.org/title/omukashi-no-ikimono/oclc/883613863 
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n 土屋健; 群馬県立自然史博物館 (2017). 生命史図譜 = History of life. ISBN 978-4-7741-9075-4. OCLC 995843160. https://www.worldcat.org/title/seimeishi-zufu-history-of-life/oclc/995843160 
  18. ^ Neiber, Marco T.; Hartke, Tamara R.; Stemme, Torben; Bergmann, Alexandra; Rust, Jes; Iliffe, Thomas M.; Koenemann, Stefan (2011-05-19). “Global Biodiversity and Phylogenetic Evaluation of Remipedia (Crustacea)”. PLoS ONE 6 (5): e19627. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019627. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3098257. PMID 21625553. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019627. 
  19. ^ a b c d e f g Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2017-05). “Burgess Shale fossils illustrate the origin of the mandibulate body plan” (英語). Nature 545 (7652): 89–92. doi:10.1038/nature22080. ISSN 1476-4687. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature22080. 
  20. ^ Legg, David A.; Sutton, Mark D.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2013-12). “Arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies” (英語). Nature Communications 4 (1): 2485. doi:10.1038/ncomms3485. ISSN 2041-1723. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257205419. 
  21. ^ a b c d Wilson, Heather M.; Shear, William A. (2000). “Microdecemplicida, a new order of minute arthropleurideans (Arthropoda: Myriapoda) from the Devonian of New York State, U.S.A.” (英語). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 90 (4): 351–375. doi:10.1017/S0263593300002674. ISSN 1473-7116. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/earth-and-environmental-science-transactions-of-royal-society-of-edinburgh/article/abs/microdecemplicida-a-new-order-of-minute-arthropleurideans-arthropoda-myriapoda-from-the-devonian-of-new-york-state-usa/D08D276AF517F289926F7F4543E4488A. 
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2020. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, version 20.5
  23. ^ Haug, Joachim T; Haug, Carolin; Maas, Andreas; Kutschera, Verena; Waloszek, Dieter (2010). “Evolution of mantis shrimps (Stomatopoda, Malacostraca) in the light of new Mesozoic fossils” (英語). BMC Evolutionary Biology 10 (1): 290. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-290. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 2955030. PMID 20858249. http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-10-290. 
  24. ^ a b c Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2017-12). “Mandibulate convergence in an armoured Cambrian stem chelicerate” (英語). BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 (1): 261. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1088-7. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5738823. PMID 29262772. https://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12862-017-1088-7. 
  25. ^ a b c Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2019-09). “A middle Cambrian arthropod with chelicerae and proto-book gills” (英語). Nature 573 (7775): 586–589. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1525-4. ISSN 1476-4687. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1525-4. 
  26. ^ Bicknell, Russell D. C.; Pates, Stephen (2020-07-09). “Pictorial Atlas of Fossil and Extant Horseshoe Crabs, With Focus on Xiphosurida”. Frontiers in Earth Science 8: 98. doi:10.3389/feart.2020.00098. ISSN 2296-6463. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.00098/full. 
  27. ^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Skabelund, Jacob; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2020-04-09). “Revision of the mollisoniid chelicerate(?) Thelxiope, with a new species from the middle Cambrian Wheeler Formation of Utah” (英語). PeerJ 8: e8879. doi:10.7717/peerj.8879. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 7151752. PMID 32296605. https://peerj.com/articles/8879. 
  28. ^ Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Strullu-Derrien, Christine; Góral, Tomasz; Hetherington, Alexander J.; Thompson, Christine; Koch, Markus (2020-04-21). “Aquatic stem group myriapods close a gap between molecular divergence dates and the terrestrial fossil record” (英語). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 (16): 8966–8972. doi:10.1073/pnas.1920733117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 32253305. https://www.pnas.org/content/117/16/8966. 
  29. ^ a b 岩槻, 邦男; 馬渡, 峻輔; 石川, 良輔 (2008) (Japanese). 節足動物の多様性と系統. 東京: 裳華房. ISBN 978-4-7853-5829-7. OCLC 676535371. https://www.worldcat.org/title/sessoku-dobutsu-no-tayosei-to-keito/oclc/676535371 
  30. ^ Vinther, Jakob; Van Roy, Peter; Briggs, Derek E. G. (2008-01). “Machaeridians are Palaeozoic armoured annelids” (英語). Nature 451 (7175): 185–188. doi:10.1038/nature06474. ISSN 1476-4687. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature06474. 
  31. ^ Moysiuk, Joseph; Smith, Martin R.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2017-01). “Hyoliths are Palaeozoic lophophorates” (英語). Nature 541 (7637): 394–397. doi:10.1038/nature20804. ISSN 0028-0836. http://www.nature.com/articles/nature20804. 
  32. ^ Sun, Haijing; Smith, Martin R.; Zeng, Han; Zhao, Fangchen; Li, Guoxiang; Zhu, Maoyan (2018-09-26). “Hyoliths with pedicles illuminate the origin of the brachiopod body plan” (英語). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285 (1887): 20181780. doi:10.1098/rspb.2018.1780. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 6170810. PMID 30257914. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2018.1780. 
  33. ^ Liu, Fan; Skovsted, Christian B; Topper, Timothy P; Zhang, Zhifei; Shu, Degan (2020-02-01). “Are hyoliths Palaeozoic lophophorates?”. National Science Review 7 (2): 453–469. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwz161. ISSN 2095-5138. PMC 8289160. PMID 34692060. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz161. 
  34. ^ Li, Luoyang; Skovsted, Christian B.; Yun, Hao; Betts, Marissa J.; Zhang, Xingliang (2020-08-26). “New insight into the soft anatomy and shell microstructures of early Cambrian orthothecids (Hyolitha)”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287 (1933): 20201467. doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.1467. PMC 7482263. PMID 32811320. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2020.1467. 
  35. ^ Morris, S. C.; Caron, J.-B. (2007-03-02). “Halwaxiids and the Early Evolution of the Lophotrochozoans” (英語). Science 315 (5816): 1255–1258. doi:10.1126/science.1137187. ISSN 0036-8075. https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1137187. 
  36. ^ Caron, Jean-Bernard; Scheltema, Amélie; Schander, Christoffer; Rudkin, David (2006-07). “A soft-bodied mollusc with radula from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale” (英語). Nature 442 (7099): 159–163. doi:10.1038/nature04894. ISSN 0028-0836. http://www.nature.com/articles/nature04894. 
  37. ^ Smith, Martin R. (2012-10-22). “Mouthparts of the Burgess Shale fossils Odontogriphus and Wiwaxia: implications for the ancestral molluscan radula”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279 (1745): 4287–4295. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1577. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 3441091. PMID 22915671. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3441091/. 
  38. ^ Fossilworks: Edrioasteroidea”. fossilworks.org. 2020年12月7日閲覧。
  39. ^ Fossilworks: Parablastoidea”. fossilworks.org. 2020年12月7日閲覧。
  40. ^ Mindat.org”. www.mindat.org. 2020年12月7日閲覧。
  41. ^ Hoyal Cuthill, Jennifer F.; Han, Jian (2018-11). Álvaro, Javier. ed. “Cambrian petalonamid Stromatoveris phylogenetically links Ediacaran biota to later animals” (英語). Palaeontology 61 (6): 813–823. doi:10.1111/pala.12393. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/pala.12393. 
  42. ^ Hou, Xianguang; Williams, Mark; Gabbott, Sarah; Siveter, David J.; Siveter, Derek J.; Cong, Peiyun; Ma, Xiaoya; Sansom, Robert (2017-09-02). “A new species of the artiopodan arthropod Acanthomeridion from the lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, China, and the phylogenetic significance of the genus”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 15 (9): 733–740. doi:10.1080/14772019.2016.1229695. ISSN 1477-2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1229695. 
  43. ^ a b Wu, Yu; Ma, Jiaxin; Lin, Weiliang; Sun, Ao; Zhang, Xingliang; Fu, Dongjing (2021-03). “New anomalocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta) from the lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte: Biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications” (英語). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 569: 110333. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110333. ISSN 0031-0182. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018221001188. 
  44. ^ Tanaka, Gengo; Hou, Xianguang; Ma, Xiaoya; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Strausfeld, Nicholas J. (2013-10). “Chelicerate neural ground pattern in a Cambrian great appendage arthropod” (英語). Nature 502 (7471): 364–367. doi:10.1038/nature12520. ISSN 1476-4687. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257889028. 
  45. ^ a b 土屋, 健; 芝原, 暁彦 (2021) (Japanese). 生きている化石図鑑: すばらしき「名品」生物たち : 優秀生物たちのスペック公開Living Fossil. ISBN 978-4-7730-6134-5. OCLC 1257518161. https://www.worldcat.org/title/ikite-iru-kaseki-zukan-subarashiki-meihin-seibutsutachi-yushu-seibutsutachi-no-supekku-kokai-rivingu-fosshiru/oclc/1257518161 
  46. ^ a b c d e 平野, 弘道; 冨田, 幸光; 籔本, 美孝; 大花, 民子; 真鍋, 真; 日本古生物学会 (2004) (Japanese). 大むかしの生物. ISBN 978-4-09-217212-8. OCLC 1006953894. https://www.worldcat.org/title/omukashi-no-seibutsu/oclc/1006953894 
  47. ^ a b c d e f 千崎, 達也; 左卷, 健男 (2015) (Japanese). カンブリアンモンスター図鑑 = An Illustrated Book of cambrian monsters: カンブリア爆発の不思議な生き物たち : 図說. 東京: 秀和システム. ISBN 978-4-7980-4459-0. OCLC 931927642. https://www.worldcat.org/title/kanburian-monsuta-zukan-kanburia-bakuhatsu-no-fushigi-na-ikimonotachi-zusetsu/oclc/931927642 
  48. ^ Cong, Peiyun; Daley, Allison C.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Hou, Xianguang (2017-08-30). “The functional head of the Cambrian radiodontan (stem-group Euarthropoda) Amplectobelua symbrachiata”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17 (1): 208. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-1049-1. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 5577670. PMID 28854872. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1049-1. 
  49. ^ Zeng, Han; Zhao, Fangchen; Zhu, Maoyan (2022-09-07). Innovatiocaris , a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta”. Journal of the Geological Society. doi:10.1144/jgs2021-164. ISSN 0016-7649. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-164. 
  50. ^ Zhang, Xingliang; Han, Jian; Shu, Degan (2002-01-01). “New occurrence of the Burgess Shale arthropod Sidneyia in the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte (South China), and revision of the arthropod Urokodia. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology 26 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1080/03115510208619239. ISSN 0311-5518. https://doi.org/10.1080/03115510208619239. 
  51. ^ Lerosey‐Aubril, Rudy; Kimmig, Julien; Pates, Stephen; Skabelund, Jacob; Weug, Andries; Ortega‐Hernández, Javier (2020-11). Zhang, Xi‐Guang. ed. “New exceptionally preserved panarthropods from the Drumian Wheeler Konservat‐Lagerstätte of the House Range of Utah” (英語). Papers in Palaeontology 6 (4): 501–531. doi:10.1002/spp2.1307. ISSN 2056-2802. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/spp2.1307. 
  52. ^ Fu, Dongjing; Legg, David A.; Daley, Allison C.; Budd, Graham E.; Wu, Yu; Zhang, Xingliang (2022-03-28). “The evolution of biramous appendages revealed by a carapace-bearing Cambrian arthropod”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 377 (1847): 20210034. doi:10.1098/rstb.2021.0034. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2021.0034. 
  53. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Ou, Qiang; Mayer, Georg (2018-09-20). “A Cambrian unarmoured lobopodian, † Lenisambulatrix humboldti gen. et sp. nov., compared with new material of † Diania cactiformis (英語). Scientific Reports 8 (1): 13667. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31499-y. ISSN 2045-2322. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-31499-y. 
  54. ^ Liu, Yu; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Audo, Denis; Zhai, Dayou; Mai, Huijuan; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2020/07). “Occurrence of the eudemersal radiodont Cambroraster in the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and the diversity of hurdiid ecomorphotypes” (英語). Geological Magazine 157 (7): 1200–1206. doi:10.1017/S0016756820000187. ISSN 0016-7568. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/occurrence-of-the-eudemersal-radiodont-cambroraster-in-the-early-cambrian-chengjiang-lagerstatte-and-the-diversity-of-hurdiid-ecomorphotypes/D4AD12D56D158EC7AFD9ACBA499B6A7C. 
  55. ^ Xian‐Guang, Hou; Bergström, Jan; Ahlberg, Per (1995-09-01). “Anomalocaris and other large animals in the lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna of southwest China”. GFF 117 (3): 163–183. doi:10.1080/11035899509546213. ISSN 1103-5897. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233050167. 
  56. ^ a b Zhao, Yang; Hou, Xian-guang; Cong, Pei-yun (2023-01). “Tentacular nature of the ‘column’ of the Cambrian diploblastic Xianguangia sinica (英語). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 21 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2215787. ISSN 1477-2019. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2023.2215787. 
  57. ^ a b c Aria, Cédric; Zhao, Fangchen; Zeng, Han; Guo, Jin; Zhu, Maoyan (2020-01-08). “Fossils from South China redefine the ancestral euarthropod body plan”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 20 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1560-7. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 6950928. PMID 31914921. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1560-7. 
  58. ^ Chen, Xiaohan; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Wolfe, Joanna M.; Zhai, Dayou; Hou, Xianguang; Chen, Ailin; Mai, Huijuan; Liu, Yu (2019-08-06). “The appendicular morphology of Sinoburius lunaris and the evolution of the artiopodan clade Xandarellida (Euarthropoda, early Cambrian) from South China”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 19 (1): 165. doi:10.1186/s12862-019-1491-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC PMC6685191. PMID 31387545. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1491-3. 
  59. ^ Liu, Yu; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Chen, Hong; Mai, Huijuan; Zhai, Dayou; Hou, Xianguang (2020-06-01). “Computed tomography sheds new light on the affinities of the enigmatic euarthropod Jianshania furcatus from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 20 (1): 62. doi:10.1186/s12862-020-01625-4. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 7268425. PMID 32487135. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01625-4. 
  60. ^ Waloszek, Dieter; Chen, Junyuan; Maas, Andreas; Wang, Xiuqiang (2005-04-01). “Early Cambrian arthropods—new insights into arthropod head and structural evolution” (英語). Arthropod Structure & Development 34 (2): 189–205. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2005.01.005. ISSN 1467-8039. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222299948. 
  61. ^ a b Chen, Ailin; Chen, Hong; Legg, David A.; Liu, Yu; Hou, Xian-guang (2018-09-01). “A redescription of Liangwangshania biloba Chen, 2005, from the Chengjiang biota (Cambrian, China), with a discussion of possible sexual dimorphism in fuxianhuiid arthropods” (英語). Arthropod Structure & Development 47 (5): 552–561. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2018.08.001. ISSN 1467-8039. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327884098. 
  62. ^ a b c d Moysiuk, J.; Caron, J.-B. (2019-08-14). “A new hurdiid radiodont from the Burgess Shale evinces the exploitation of Cambrian infaunal food sources”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286 (1908): 20191079. doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.1079. PMC 6710600. PMID 31362637. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1079. 
  63. ^ Hou XG, Bergström J. (1991). The arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, with relationships and evolutionary significance. 179–187. In: Simonetta AM, Conway-Morris S, editors. The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa, vol. 296. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  64. ^ Zhai, Dayou; Williams, Mark; Siveter, David J.; Siveter, Derek J.; Harvey, Thomas H. P.; Sansom, Robert S.; Mai, Huijuan; Zhou, Runqing et al. (2022-02-22). Chuandianella ovata: An early Cambrian stem euarthropod with feather-like appendages” (English). Palaeontologia Electronica 25 (1): 1–22. doi:10.26879/1172. ISSN 1094-8074. https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2022/3557-chuandianella-ovata. 
  65. ^ Chen, Junyuan; Waloszek, Dieter; Maas, Andreas (2004). “A new ‘great-appendage’ arthropod from the Lower Cambrian of China and homology of chelicerate chelicerae and raptorial antero-ventral appendages” (英語). Lethaia 37 (1): 3–20. doi:10.1080/00241160410004764. ISSN 1502-3931. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00241160410004764. 
  66. ^ HOU, XIANGUANG; BERGSTRÖM, JAN (1995-05-01). “Cambrian lobopodians-ancestors of extant onychophorans?”. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 114 (1): 3–19. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00110.x. ISSN 0024-4082. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00110.x. 
  67. ^ Howard, Richard J.; Hou, Xianguang; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Salge, Tobias; Shi, Xiaomei; Ma, Xiaoya (2020-04-20). “A Tube-Dwelling Early Cambrian Lobopodian” (English). Current Biology 30 (8): 1529–1536.e2. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.075. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 32109391. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(20)30119-6. 
  68. ^ Hou XG. (1987). Three new large arthropods from lower Cambrian, Chengjiang, eastern Yunnan. Acta Palaeontol Sinica. 26(3):272–85.
  69. ^ Fu, Dongjing; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Daley, Allison C.; Zhang, Xingliang; Shu, Degan (2018-09-29). “Anamorphic development and extended parental care in a 520 million-year-old stem-group euarthropod from China”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18 (1): 147. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1262-6. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 6162911. PMID 30268090. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-018-1262-6. 
  70. ^ O’Flynn, Robert J.; Williams, Mark; Yu, Mengxiao; Harvey, Thomas H. P.; Liu, Yu (2022-02). “A new euarthropod with large frontal appendages from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota” (English). Palaeontologia Electronica 25 (1): 1–21. doi:10.26879/1167. ISSN 1094-8074. https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2022/3551-a-new-chengjiang-euarthropod. 
  71. ^ Wu, Y., Fu, D.J., Ma, J.X., Lin, W.L., Sun, A., Zhang, X.L. (2021-03). “Houcaris gen. nov. from the early Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte expanded the palaeogeographical distribution of tamisiocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta)”. Paläontologische Zeitschrift. doi:10.1007/s12542-020-00545-4.
  72. ^ Cong, Peiyun; Ma, Xiaoya; Hou, Xianguang; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Strausfeld, Nicholas J. (2014-09). “Brain structure resolves the segmental affinity of anomalocaridid appendages” (英語). Nature 513 (7519): 538–542. doi:10.1038/nature13486. ISSN 1476-4687. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263967019. 
  73. ^ Guo, J.; Pates, S.; Cong, P.; Daley, A. C.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Chen, T.; Hou, X. (2018). “A new radiodont (stem Euarthropoda) frontal appendage with a mosaic of characters from the Cambrian (Series 2 Stage 3) Chengjiang biota” (英語). Papers in Palaeontology 5 (1). ISSN 2056-2799. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a2d090f6-c0cb-4603-8d89-a4894fe55f02. 
  74. ^ Cong, Pei-Yun; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Daley, Allison C.; Guo, Jin; Pates, Stephen; Hou, Xian-Guang (2018). “New radiodonts with gnathobase-like structures from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and implications for the systematics of Radiodonta” (英語). Papers in Palaeontology 4 (4): 605–621. doi:10.1002/spp2.1219. ISSN 2056-2802. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spp2.1219. 
  75. ^ Liu, Yu; Hou, Xian-Guang; Bergström, Jan (2007-09-01). “Chengjiang arthropod Leanchoilia illecebrosa (Hou, 1987) reconsidered”. GFF 129 (3): 263–272. doi:10.1080/11035890701293263. ISSN 1103-5897. https://doi.org/10.1080/11035890701293263. 
  76. ^ Zhang, Maoyin; Liu, Yu; Hou, Xianguang; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Mai, Huijuan; Schmidt, Michel; Melzer, Roland R.; Guo, Jin (2022-08). “Ventral Morphology of the Non-Trilobite Artiopod Retifacies abnormalis Hou, Chen & Lu, 1989, from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota, China” (英語). Biology 11 (8): 1235. doi:10.3390/biology11081235. ISSN 2079-7737. https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/8/1235. 
  77. ^ Daley, Allison C.; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2014/01). “Morphology of Anomalocaris canadensis from the Burgess Shale” (英語). Journal of Paleontology 88 (1): 68–91. doi:10.1666/13-067. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/morphology-of-anomalocaris-canadensis-from-the-burgess-shale/9B9BA3A9BF0037D7D22358DA17CF44AC. 
  78. ^ Pates, Stephen; Daley, Allison C.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Cong, Peiyun; Lieberman, Bruce S. (2019). “Systematics, preservation and biogeography of radiodonts from the southern Great Basin, USA, during the upper Dyeran (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4)” (英語). Papers in Palaeontology n/a (n/a). doi:10.1002/spp2.1277. ISSN 2056-2802. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spp2.1277. 
  79. ^ Briggs, Derek E. G.; Collins, Desmond (1999). “The Arthropod Alalcomenaeus cambricus Simonetta, from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia” (英語). Palaeontology 42 (6): 953–977. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00104. ISSN 1475-4983. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1475-4983.00104. 
  80. ^ a b Daley, Allison C.; Budd, Graham E. (2010). “New anomalocaridid appendages from the Burgess Shale, Canada” (英語). Palaeontology 53 (4): 721–738. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00955.x. ISSN 1475-4983. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00955.x. 
  81. ^ Caron, Jean-Bernard; Cheung, Brittany (2019-05-03). “Amiskwia is a large Cambrian gnathiferan with complex gnathostomulid-like jaws”. Communications Biology 2. doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0388-4. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 6499802. PMID 31069273. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6499802/. 
  82. ^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2019-10-31). “Appendicular anatomy of the artiopod Emeraldella brutoni from the middle Cambrian (Drumian) of western Utah”. PeerJ 7. doi:10.7717/peerj.7945. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6825744. PMID 31687274. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6825744/. 
  83. ^ Pates, Stephen; Daley, Allison C. (2017). “Caryosyntrips: a radiodontan from the Cambrian of Spain, USA and Canada” (英語). Papers in Palaeontology 3 (3): 461–470. doi:10.1002/spp2.1084. ISSN 2056-2802. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spp2.1084. 
  84. ^ Haug, J.T.; Maas, A.; Haug, C.; Waloszek, D. (2011-11-01). Sarotrocercus oblitus - Small arthropod with great impact on the understanding of arthropod evolution?”. Bulletin of Geosciences: 725–736. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1283. ISSN 1802-8225. https://doi.org/10.3140/bull.geosci.1283. 
  85. ^ Pates, Stephen; Daley, Allison C.; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2018-03-03). Reply to Comment on "Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris" with the formal description of Stanleycaris. doi:10.31233/osf.io/ek4z6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326142899. 
  86. ^ Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2015-06-03). Friedman, Matt. ed. “Cephalic and Limb Anatomy of a New Isoxyid from the Burgess Shale and the Role of “Stem Bivalved Arthropods” in the Disparity of the Frontalmost Appendage” (英語). PLOS ONE 10 (6): e0124979. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124979. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4454494. PMID 26038846. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0124979. 
  87. ^ Izquierdo-López, Alejandro; Caron, Jean-Bernard. “The problematic Cambrian arthropod Tuzoia and the origin of mandibulates revisited”. Royal Society Open Science 9 (12): 220933. doi:10.1098/rsos.220933. PMC 9727825. PMID 36483757. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.220933. 
  88. ^ Caron, J.-B.; Moysiuk, J. (2021-09-08). “A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity”. Royal Society Open Science 8 (9): 210664. doi:10.1098/rsos.210664. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210664. 
  89. ^ Smith, Martin R.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2015-07). Hallucigenia’s head and the pharyngeal armature of early ecdysozoans” (英語). Nature 523 (7558): 75–78. doi:10.1038/nature14573. ISSN 1476-4687. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14573. 
  90. ^ Izquierdo-López, Alejandro; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2022-07). “Extreme multisegmentation in a giant bivalved arthropod from the Cambrian Burgess Shale”. iScience 25 (7): 104675. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104675. ISSN 2589-0042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104675. 
  91. ^ Izquierdo‐López, Alejandro; Caron, Jean‐Bernard (2021-06-15). “A Burgess Shale mandibulate arthropod with a pygidium: a case of convergent evolution”. Papers in Palaeontology 7 (4): 1877–1894. doi:10.1002/spp2.1366. ISSN 2056-2799. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/spp2.1366. 
  92. ^ Daley, Allison C.; Budd, Graham E.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2013-10-01). “Morphology and systematics of the anomalocaridid arthropod Hurdia from the Middle Cambrian of British Columbia and Utah”. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 11 (7): 743–787. doi:10.1080/14772019.2012.732723. ISSN 1477-2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2012.732723. 
  93. ^ Izquierdo-López, Alejandro; Caron, Jean-Bernard. “A possible case of inverted lifestyle in a new bivalved arthropod from the Burgess Shale”. Royal Society Open Science 6 (11): 191350. doi:10.1098/rsos.191350. PMC 6894550. PMID 31827867. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.191350. 
  94. ^ García-Bellido, Diego C; Collins, Desmond H (2006-06-01). “A new study of Marrella splendens (Arthropoda, Marrellomorpha) from the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, British Columbia, Canada” (英語). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43 (6): 721–742. doi:10.1139/e06-012. ISSN 0008-4077. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237169357. 
  95. ^ a b c Gould, Stephen Jay; 渡辺, 政隆 (2000) (Japanese). ワンダフル・ライフ: バージェス頁岩と生物進化の物語. ISBN 978-4-15-050236-2. OCLC 676428996. https://www.worldcat.org/title/wandafuru-raifu-bajiesu-ketsugan-to-seibutsu-shinka-no-monogatari/oclc/676428996 
  96. ^ Haug, Joachim T.; Waloszek, Dieter; Maas, Andreas; Liu, Yu; Haug, Carolin (2012). “Functional morphology, ontogeny and evolution of mantis shrimp-like predators in the Cambrian” (英語). Palaeontology 55 (2): 369–399. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01124.x. ISSN 1475-4983. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241247067. 
  97. ^ Aria, Cédric; Caron, Jean-Bernard; Gaines, Robert (2015). “A large new leanchoiliid from the Burgess Shale and the influence of inapplicable states on stem arthropod phylogeny” (英語). Palaeontology 58 (4): 629–660. doi:10.1111/pala.12161. ISSN 1475-4983. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pala.12161. 
  98. ^ Smith, Martin R. (2015-11). Sigwart, Julia. ed. “A palaeoscolecid worm from the Burgess Shale” (英語). Palaeontology 58 (6): 973–979. doi:10.1111/pala.12210. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/pala.12210. 
  99. ^ Haug, Joachim T.; Briggs, Derek EG; Haug, Carolin (2012-08-30). “Morphology and function in the Cambrian Burgess Shale megacheiran arthropod Leanchoilia superlata and the application of a descriptive matrix”. BMC Evolutionary Biology 12 (1): 162. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-162. ISSN 1471-2148. PMC 3468406. PMID 22935076. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-12-162. 
  100. ^ a b Vannier, Jean; Aria, Cédric; Taylor, Rod S.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2018-06). Waptia fieldensis Walcott, a mandibulate arthropod from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale” (英語). Royal Society Open Science 5 (6): 172206. doi:10.1098/rsos.172206. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 6030330. PMID 30110460. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325875466. 
  101. ^ Vinther, Jakob; Stein, Martin; Longrich, Nicholas R.; Harper, David A. T. (2014-03). “A suspension-feeding anomalocarid from the Early Cambrian” (英語). Nature 507 (7493): 496–499. doi:10.1038/nature13010. ISSN 1476-4687. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13010. 
  102. ^ Park, Tae-Yoon S.; Nielsen, Morten Lunde; Parry, Luke A.; Sørensen, Martin Vinther; Lee, Mirinae; Kihm, Ji-Hoon; Ahn, Inhye; Park, Changkun et al. (2024-01-05). “A giant stem-group chaetognath” (英語). Science Advances 10 (1). doi:10.1126/sciadv.adi6678. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC PMC10796117. PMID 38170772. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adi6678. 
  103. ^ Vaccari, N. E.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Escudero, C. (2004-07). “Cambrian origins and affinities of an enigmatic fossil group of arthropods” (英語). Nature 430 (6999): 554–557. doi:10.1038/nature02705. ISSN 0028-0836. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8426536. 
  104. ^ Yang, Jie; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Legg, David A.; Lan, Tian; Hou, Jin-bo; Zhang, Xi-guang (2018-02-01). “Early Cambrian fuxianhuiids from China reveal origin of the gnathobasic protopodite in euarthropods” (英語). Nature Communications 9 (1): 470. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02754-z. ISSN 2041-1723. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02754-z. 
  105. ^ Pates, Stephen; Daley, Allison C.; Butterfield, Nicholas J. (2019-06-11). “First report of paired ventral endites in a hurdiid radiodont”. Zoological Letters 5 (1): 18. doi:10.1186/s40851-019-0132-4. ISSN 2056-306X. PMC 6560863. PMID 31210962. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-019-0132-4. 
  106. ^ Waloszek, Dieter; Dunlop, Jason A. (2002-05). “A Larval Sea Spider (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from the Upper Cambrian 'orsten' of Sweden, and the Phylogenetic Position of Pycnogonids” (英語). Palaeontology 45 (3): 421–446. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00244. ISSN 0031-0239. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-4983.00244. 
  107. ^ Yang, Jie; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Lan, Tian; Hou, Jin-bo; Zhang, Xi-guang (2016-06-10). “A predatory bivalved euarthropod from the Cambrian (Stage 3) Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte, South China” (英語). Scientific Reports 6 (1): 27709. doi:10.1038/srep27709. ISSN 2045-2322. https://www.nature.com/articles/srep27709. 
  108. ^ Chen, Hong; Legg, David; Liu, Yu; Hou, Xian-guang (2020). “New data on the anatomy of fuxianhuiid arthropod Guangweicaris spinatus from the lower Cambrian Guanshan Biota, Yunnan, China” (英語). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 65. doi:10.4202/app.00508.2018. ISSN 0567-7920. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339578536. 
  109. ^ “A new middle Cambrian radiodont from North China: Implications for morphological disparity and spatial distribution of hurdiids” (英語). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 558: 109947. (2020-11-15). doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109947. ISSN 0031-0182. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018220303928. 
  110. ^ Hendricks, Jonathan R.; Lieberman, Bruce S. (2008-05). “New Phylogenetic Insights into the Cambrian Radiation of Arachnomorph Arthropods”. Journal of Paleontology 82 (3): 585–594. doi:10.1666/07-017.1. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250070967. 
  111. ^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Pates, Stephen (2018-09-14). “New suspension-feeding radiodont suggests evolution of microplanktivory in Cambrian macronekton” (英語). Nature Communications 9 (1): 3774. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06229-7. ISSN 2041-1723. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-06229-7. 
  112. ^ Wang, YuanYuan; Huang, DiYing; Hu, ShiXue (2013-11-01). “New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan” (英語). Chinese Science Bulletin 58 (32): 3937–3942. doi:10.1007/s11434-013-5908-x. ISSN 1861-9541. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257689210. 
  113. ^ Pates, Stephen; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Daley, Allison C.; Kier, Carlo; Bonino, Enrico; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2021-01-19). “The diverse radiodont fauna from the Marjum Formation of Utah, USA (Cambrian: Drumian)” (英語). PeerJ 9: e10509. doi:10.7717/peerj.10509. ISSN 2167-8359. https://peerj.com/articles/10509. 
  114. ^ 土屋, 健、群馬県立自然史博物館『カラー図説 生命の大進化40億年史 古生代編 生命はいかに誕生し、多様化したのか』講談社、2022年6月16日。ASIN B0B38XJ176 
  115. ^ Pates, Stephen; Wolfe, Joanna; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Daley, Allison; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2022-02-09). “New opabiniid diversifies the weirdest wonders of the euarthropod stem group”. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 289: 20212093. doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.2093. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358469075. 
  116. ^ Jiao, De-guang; Pates, Stephen; Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Yang, Jie; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang (2021-11-10). “New multipodomerous appendages of stem-group euarthropods from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Konservat-Lagerstätte”. Royal Society Open Science 8 (11): 211134. doi:10.1098/rsos.211134. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.211134. 
  117. ^ Van Roy, Peter; Daley, Allison C.; Briggs, Derek E. G. (2015-06). “Anomalocaridid trunk limb homology revealed by a giant filter-feeder with paired flaps” (英語). Nature 522 (7554): 77–80. doi:10.1038/nature14256. ISSN 1476-4687. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14256. 
  118. ^ a b William Shear & Paul Selden (1995). “Eoarthropleura (Arthropoda, Arthropleurida) from the Silurian of Britain and the Devonian of North America” (PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 196 (3): 347–375.
  119. ^ Parker, Andrew; 渡辺, 政隆; 今西, 康子 (2006) (Japanese). 眼の誕生: カンブリア紀大進化の謎を解く. 東京: 草思社. ISBN 978-4-7942-1478-2. OCLC 675381389. https://www.worldcat.org/title/me-no-tanjo-kanburiaki-daishinka-no-nazo-o-toku/oclc/675381389 
  120. ^ a b c d ただし、この系統のサンゴはペルム紀大絶滅により全て絶滅した。現在のサンゴは異なる系統から現れたとされる。
  121. ^ Siveter, Derek J.; Briggs, Derek E. G.; Siveter, David J.; Sutton, Mark D.; Legg, David. “A three-dimensionally preserved lobopodian from the Herefordshire (Silurian) Lagerstätte, UK”. Royal Society Open Science 5 (8): 172101. doi:10.1098/rsos.172101. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.172101. 
  122. ^ Moysiuk, Joseph; Izquierdo-López, Alejandro; Kampouris, George E.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (2022-03-24). “A new marrellomorph arthropod from southern Ontario: a rare case of soft-tissue preservation on a Late Ordovician open marine shelf” (英語). Journal of Paleontology: 1–16. doi:10.1017/jpa.2022.11. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/new-marrellomorph-arthropod-from-southern-ontario-a-rare-case-of-softtissue-preservation-on-a-late-ordovician-open-marine-shelf/2842CB067540110E7212E88AE26BA1B0. 
  123. ^ Anderson, Evan P.; Schiffbauer, James D.; Jacquet, Sarah M.; Lamsdell, James C.; Kluessendorf, Joanne; Mikulic, Donald G. (2021). “Stranger than a scorpion: a reassessment of Parioscorpio venator, a problematic arthropod from the Llandoverian Waukesha Lagerstätte” (英語). Palaeontology 64 (3): 429–474. doi:10.1111/pala.12534. ISSN 1475-4983. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pala.12534. 
  124. ^ a b c 田中源吾 (2019) (Japanese). とても巨大な絶滅せいぶつ図鑑. 東京: 世界文化社. ISBN 978-4-418-19213-7. OCLC 1104794344. https://www.worldcat.org/title/totemo-kyodai-na-zetsumetsu-seibutsu-zukan/oclc/1104794344 
  125. ^ Pates, Stephen; Botting, Joseph P.; Muir, Lucy A.; Wolfe, Joanna M. (2022-11-15). “Ordovician opabiniid-like animals and the role of the proboscis in euarthropod head evolution” (英語). Nature Communications 13 (1): 6969. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34204-w. ISSN 2041-1723. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-34204-w. 
  126. ^ Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy; Skabelund, Jacob; Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2020-04-09). “Revision of the mollisoniid chelicerate(?) Thelxiope, with a new species from the middle Cambrian Wheeler Formation of Utah” (英語). PeerJ 8: e8879. doi:10.7717/peerj.8879. ISSN 2167-8359. https://peerj.com/articles/8879. 
  127. ^ Kühl, Gabriele; Rust, Jes (2009-08-25). Devonohexapodus bocksbergensis is a synonym of Wingertshellicus backesi (Euarthropoda) – no evidence for marine hexapods living in the Devonian Hunsrück Sea” (英語). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 9 (3): 215–231. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2009.03.002. ISSN 1439-6092. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1439609209000191. 
  128. ^ Kühl, Gabriele; Bergström, Jan; Rust, Jes (2008-12-12). “Morphology, Palaeobiology and Phylogenetic Position of Vachonisia rogeri (Arthropoda) from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate (Germany)” (英語). Palaeontographica Abteilung A: 123–157. doi:10.1127/pala/286/2008/123. https://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/pala/detail/286/86473/Morphology_Palaeobiology_and_Phylogenetic_Position?af=crossref. 
  129. ^ 沖山宗雄 他、『ニューワイド学研の図鑑・魚』、学習研究社、2000年、148などではクラドセラキーと書かれている。
  130. ^ Stürmer, Wilhelm; Bergström, Jan (1978-06-01). “The arthropod Cheloniellon from the devonian hunsrück shale” (英語). Paläontologische Zeitschrift 52 (1): 57–81. doi:10.1007/BF03006730. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03006730. 
  131. ^ Braddy, Simon J; Poschmann, Markus; Tetlie, O. Erik (2008-02-23). “Giant claw reveals the largest ever arthropod”. Biology Letters 4 (1): 106–109. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0491. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 2412931. PMID 18029297. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2412931/. 
  132. ^ a b Davies, Neil S.; Garwood, Russell J.; McMahon, William J.; Schneider, Joerg W.; Shillito, Anthony P. (2021-12-21). “The largest arthropod in Earth history: insights from newly discovered Arthropleura remains (Serpukhovian Stainmore Formation, Northumberland, England)” (英語). Journal of the Geological Society. doi:10.1144/jgs2021-115. ISSN 0016-7649. https://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/early/2021/11/19/jgs2021-115. 
  133. ^ Minelli, Alessandro (2015-10-01) (英語). Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda, Volume 2. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-18827-3. https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=bqW8CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA339&lpg=PA339&dq=Arthropleuridea&source=bl&ots=PAMcz0SWkU&sig=ACfU3U2udO_iiH2uhw61M_cZgw6pMVhoRg&hl=ja&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwioqszNueXoAhWMMN4KHckxCGkQ6AEwAnoECAcQOg#v=snippet&q=Arthropleuridea&f=false 
  134. ^ Poinar, George; Nelson, Diane R. (2019). “A new microinvertebrate with features of mites and tardigrades in Dominican amber” (英語). Invertebrate Biology 138 (4): e12265. doi:10.1111/ivb.12265. ISSN 1744-7410. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336116706. 
  135. ^ Watanabe, Junya; Matsuoka, Hiroshige (2015). “Flightless diving duck (Aves, Anatidae) from the Pleistocene of Shiriya, northeast Japan”. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35 (6). https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2014.994745. 
  136. ^ 天野雅男 (2012). “みちのくの海のイルカたち(特集 みちのくの海と水族館の海棲哺乳類)” (PDF). 勇魚 (56), 60-65, 2012-06 (長崎大学水産学部, 勇魚会). http://www7b.biglobe.ne.jp/~masaoamano/Masao_Amanos/text_files/michinoku.pdf. 2015年1月14日閲覧。. 
  137. ^ a b インドのアカガエル、絶滅両生類再発見ナショナルジオグラフィックニュース
  138. ^ Priddel, David; Carlile, Nicholas; Humphrey, Margaret; Fellenberg, Stephen; Hiscox, Dean (2003-07-01). “Rediscovery of the ‘extinct’ Lord Howe Island stick-insect (Dryococelus australis (Montrouzier)) (Phasmatodea) and recommendations for its conservation” (英語). Biodiversity & Conservation 12 (7): 1391–1403. doi:10.1023/A:1023625710011. ISSN 1572-9710. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023625710011. 
  139. ^ Kato, Makoto; Sota, Teiji (2022-09). “Rediscovery of Macroplea japana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Donaciinae), an aquatic leaf beetle once thought to be extinct in Japan” (英語). Entomological Science 25 (3). doi:10.1111/ens.12517. ISSN 1343-8786. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ens.12517. 

関連項目 編集